British history II

1066 The Battle of Hastings: Normans defeat the Saxons and William the Conquerer becomes the king The Battle of Hastings: Normans defeat the Saxons and William the Conquerer becomes the king

Middle Ages 1078: Work starts on the Tower of London 1078: Work starts on the Tower of London 1167: Oxford University is established 1167: Oxford University is established : Wales is conquered by King Edward (The Prince of Wales) : Wales is conquered by King Edward (The Prince of Wales)

Tudors The War of Roses ( ): The War of Roses ( ): between the House of York (white rose) and between the House of Lancasters (red rose) between the House of York (white rose) and between the House of Lancasters (red rose) 1485 Henry Tudor (the House of Lancasters) is crowned 1485 Henry Tudor (the House of Lancasters) is crowned King Henry VII King Henry VII

Henry VIII reigned reigned in his youth : flamboyant, studious but fun loving in his youth : flamboyant, studious but fun loving in his later life: cruel, arrogant and a hypocrite in his later life: cruel, arrogant and a hypocrite united England and Wales under one system of government in 1536 united England and Wales under one system of government in 1536 established the Church of England and became the head of it. established the Church of England and became the head of it.

Henry’s six wives First Wife: Katherine of Aragon the mother of Queen Mary Tudor ( Bloody Mary) First Wife: Katherine of Aragon the mother of Queen Mary Tudor ( Bloody Mary) Second Wife: Anne Boleyn the mother of Queen Elizabeth I Second Wife: Anne Boleyn the mother of Queen Elizabeth I Third wife: Jane Seymour the mother of King Edward VI Third wife: Jane Seymour the mother of King Edward VI Fourth wife: Anne of Cleves Fourth wife: Anne of Cleves Fifth wife: Catherine Howard (Anne and Catherine were cousins) Fifth wife: Catherine Howard (Anne and Catherine were cousins) Sixth and last wife: Catherine Parr Sixth and last wife: Catherine Parr

Divorced, Beheaded, Died Divorced, Beheaded, Survived

Edward VI 1537 – 1553, reigned – 1553, reigned Sickly child, suffered from tubercolosis Sickly child, suffered from tubercolosis Declared his sisters Mary and Elizabeth illigitamate Declared his sisters Mary and Elizabeth illigitamate Named his cousin Lady Jane Gray his heir (was the Queen for 9 days) Named his cousin Lady Jane Gray his heir (was the Queen for 9 days)

Mary Tudor 1516 – 1558, reigned – 1558, reigned Mary I Mary I Fight for power Fight for power “Bloody Mary” “Bloody Mary”

Elizabeth I , reigned , reigned Made England protestant again Made England protestant again Never married, the Virgin Queen Never married, the Virgin Queen

The Golden Age of British history England defeats the Spanish Armada England defeats the Spanish Armada Exploration: colonisation, trade, discovery of potato, maize, tobacco, better ship building and navigation etc. Exploration: colonisation, trade, discovery of potato, maize, tobacco, better ship building and navigation etc. advance in literature and arts: Shakespeare advance in literature and arts: Shakespeare ( ) ( )

1603 James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England 1603 James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England England and Scotland are united England and Scotland are united 1606: Union Jack becomes the national flag ► 1606: Union Jack becomes the national flag ► ► 1620 Pilgrims set sail for New England 1620 Pilgrims set sail for New England 1652 tea arrives in England 1652 tea arrives in England 1665 the Great Plague in London 1665 the Great Plague in London 1666 the Great Fire in London 1666 the Great Fire in London

1776 America declares independence from Britain 1776 America declares independence from Britain 1801 Ireland becomes a part of Britain ► 1801 Ireland becomes a part of Britain ► ► 1805 Lord Nelson defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar 1805 Lord Nelson defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar

Victoria , reigned , reigned Married Albert, a German Prince Married Albert, a German Prince Had 9 children, the Grandmother of Europe Had 9 children, the Grandmother of Europe

Victorian Age Britain became the most powerful and richest country, ruling ¼ of the world’s population Britain became the most powerful and richest country, ruling ¼ of the world’s population Huge changes: at the beginning people lived mostly in the countryside, at the end in town working in shops, offices, factories Huge changes: at the beginning people lived mostly in the countryside, at the end in town working in shops, offices, factories The number of people living in Britain doubled The number of people living in Britain doubled

Factories and machines were built to meet the new demands Factories and machines were built to meet the new demands Railways brought new foods to towns and cities, offered people travelling opportunities for the first time. Railways brought new foods to towns and cities, offered people travelling opportunities for the first time. Invention of seaside holidays Invention of seaside holidays New inventions: stamps, pedal bicycles, rubber tyres, sewing machines, flushing toilets, typewriters, phones, electric bulbs, gramophones, cars, cameras, X-rays etc. New inventions: stamps, pedal bicycles, rubber tyres, sewing machines, flushing toilets, typewriters, phones, electric bulbs, gramophones, cars, cameras, X-rays etc. At the beginning of the Victorian period crossing the Atlantic took up to eight weeks. By 1901 it took about a week. At the beginning of the Victorian period crossing the Atlantic took up to eight weeks. By 1901 it took about a week.

Sources: junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/history.html #british junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/history.html #british junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/history.html #british junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/history.html #british Wikipedia Wikipedia