Future Active/Middle Indicative (Chapter 19)

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Presentation transcript:

Future Active/Middle Indicative (Chapter 19) Greek I Future Active/Middle Indicative (Chapter 19)

Exegetical Insight – The Imperatival Use of the Future Tense Both English and Greek use the future tense to predict or describe an action that will take place in future. But Greek also uses the future tense to form commands – particularly when the NT is quoting the OT. o` de. e;fh auvtw/|( VAgaph,seij ku,rion to.n qeo,n sou evn o[lh| th/| kardi,a| sou kai. evn o[lh| th/| yuch/| sou kai. evn o[lh| th/| dianoi,a| sou\ Matt 22:37. to. ga.r Ouv moiceu,seij( Ouv foneu,seij( Ouv kle,yeij( Ouvk evpiqumh,seij( kai. ei; tij e`te,ra evntolh,( evn tw/| lo,gw| tou,tw| avnakefalaiou/tai Îevn tw/|Ð VAgaph,seij to.n plhsi,on sou w`j seauto,n Rom 13:9.

Review of Master Personal Ending Chart

Overview of this Lesson In this lesson we will learn that: the future tense indicates an action occurring in the future; the future is formed by adding a sigma to the end of the future tense stem (lu,sw); contract verbs lengthen their contract vowel before the sigma (avgaph,sw); using the square of stops is helpful in identifying the future tense.

English In English, the future tense describes an action that will take place in future time. The future tense is formed by adding the helping verb “will”: I will ace the vocab quiz next week. I will definitely study Greek again in the spring.

Greek As in English, the future tense in Greek expresses an action that takes place in future time. The time reference is from the point of view of the writer, not the reader. The aspect of the future tense is one of summary. .

Greek: Future Active Indicative Notice the tense formative, connecting vowel, and personal ending. Look up the verb lu,w in the lexicon in the back of your book (p. 429). Notice the different forms that are listed; the future will be the one at the beginning of the list.

Paradigm for Future Active Indicative

Characteristics of Future Active Indicative Translation: Add “will” to the verb; aspect will generally be undefined rather than continuous. Contract Verbs: since the contract vowel does not come into contact with the connecting vowel, it lengthens rather than contracts.

Future Tense Verbs and the Square of Stops

Future Middle Indicative

Paradigm for Future of eivmi.

Master Verb Chart

For Next Week Vocab quiz from chapter 19. Workbook Exercise #19. (The final exam will be through Exercise 19). Come to class next week with questions about anything that we have covered so far. Spring semester will begin on Jan 30. Read chapter 20 on Verbal Roots, and Other Forms of the Future, pp. 165-179.