CEOS Constellations Systems Engineering Office (SEO) Working Group on Information Systems and Services (WGISS) Workshop Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany October 18, 2007 Need decisions on what is Level 1 for the system to be engineered Need a decision on the products for this year Limited funding implies difficult decisions And SE provides informed, defendable decisions Steve Sandford Brian Killough

Background 68 member countries Created in 1984 26 members + 20 associates CEOS recommended 4 constellation studies in late-2005 to bring about technical and scientific cooperation and collaboration among space agencies that meet GEO objectives and also support national priorities. The formal work plans for each constellation team was approved in late-2006. Atmospheric Composition (NASA) Precipitation (NASA/JAXA) Ocean Surface Topography (NOAA/EUMETSAT) Land Surface Imaging (USGS)

CEOS Systems Engineering CEOS-Plenary 2006 NASA HQ volunteered to provide Systems Engineering support to CEOS. NASA LaRC was asked to lead the systems engineering effort in early 2007. The CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO) was established in April 2007 to support the CEOS SIT and the Constellation Teams. SEO Charter - science and engineering framework - requirements definition - mission assessment - constellation architecture planning - foster communication within CEOS - provide decision support tools Provide cross-Cx communications, consistency, best practices, etc.; Report to CEOS SIT/SEC Provide each Cx system engineering support; Report to Cx leads

SEO Charter and Benefits Provide systems level guidance and recommendations for how to effectively and efficiently achieve the space segment of GEOSS. Provide engineering support for CEOS Virtual Constellation teams and Working Groups. Facilitate requirements definition, mission assessment and constellation planning among the international CEOS members. SEO Benefits SEO fosters communications among CEOS partners, Constellation teams and Working Groups to enhance benefits. SEO provides a systems engineering leadership role for CEOS with the ability to respond to the needs of the CEOS in a collaborative manner. SEO provides a framework for a coherent science and engineering plan that is supported by the entire international community. SEO plans to provide decision support tools for constellation trade studies and the assessment of execution options.

An Organizational Construct for GEOSS Societal Link DRIVERS Taxonomy GEOSS Agents Governments General Public Societal Benefits GEO Societal Benefits Space, Land, Ocean Decision Makers Space Segment ONLY Virtual Constellations (4) Sys.Eng.Office (SEO) Working Groups (3) Operational Agencies Policy Agencies Useful Products Information CEOS Organization SBA Assessment Taxonomy Overlap, Missing Data Impact Optimization SEO Academia Research Agencies Science Questions Knowledge and Models Virtual Constellations Land Imaging Ocean Topography Atmos Composition Global Precipitation Working Groups Info.Sys.& Services Calib. / Valid. Education Industry Space Agencies Measurable Parameters Measurements GEOSS Implementation Space Agencies Space Agencies Mission Constraints Missions

Requirements Assessment Architecture Planning GEOSS Requirements Taxonomy Decision Makers Decision Makers: Individuals and groups that use informational products for decisions focused on societal benefit. Examples: governmental officials, business leaders, and the general public. Information: Products that provide direct societal benefit. These products are developed by combining Measurements and Knowledge/Models to provide decision makers the ability to choose a course of action. Examples: forecasts, assessments, and reports. Knowledge and Models: Understanding of geophysical processes representing geophysical parameter behavior or future states. Includes Level-3 data products and Level-4 model ouput derived from lower level products. Examples: global maps, long-term trend data, and modeled parameters. Measurements: Direct observations of specific geophysical parameters. Includes Level-1 (calibrated data) and Level-2 (variable retrievals). Examples: radiance, ocean height, soil moisture, and relative humidity. Missions: Implementation of space-based measurements by world space agencies to under technical and cost constraints. Information Requirements Assessment Validation and Verification - Traceability (current, future) - Gap Analysis - Technology Feasibility - SBA value - Protocol Monitoring Knowledge and Models Measurements Architecture Planning Cost / Benefit Analyses - Risk Mitigation - Probabilistic Models Missions

Decision Makers Information Atmospheric Composition Constellation (ACC) Health SBA (Air Quality) Example Societal Need Societal Benefit Decision Makers Air Quality Decisions (Children w/asthma?, Pollution regulation?) Air Quality Forecasts, Validation Needs and Requirements Improved Indexes and Real-Time Forecasts Information Improved knowledge and models Knowledge and Models The requirements taxonomy is driven in both directions. This is an example from the Atmospheric Composition Constellation using the Health SBA. A societal need to address to poor air quality demands improved air quality forecast products. This requires improvements in models and knowledge which requires better measurements. Though a single mission can provide local coverage, transport models require global coverage only offered by a Constellation The improved measurements feed improved models and improved Air Quality Index predictions. The end result is a societal benefit to the average person impacted by poor air quality. Just like we wait for a sunny day in weather forecasting, we will wait for a “good air day” in the future. Results and Products Measurements Improved technology ACC individual missions provide limited continuity and coverage Missions ACC provides improved continuity, coverage and new products

Long-Term SEO Plans Support existing and new CEOS Constellation teams by conducting assessments, defining requirements and developing candidate architectures for the future. Perform an optimization and cost-benefit analysis of the GEO SBA’s and the GEOSS Space Segment implementation plan to foster support for CEOS constellations and mission planning. Facilitate the development of CEOS Constellation requirements documents that utilize a “GEO taxonomy” and have the potential to impact the future plans of space agencies. Publish and distribute a periodic SEO newsletter to highlight constellation progress and discuss specific topics. Foster and improve communications among the CEOS leaders, the Constellation Teams, and the Working Groups.

Conclusions NASA has funded a Systems Engineering capability to assist the CEOS Cx teams GEOSS is critical for future geopolitical stability GEO provides political support for CEOS goals Compelling plans strengthen that support The CEOS Cx plans must be Understandable Comprehensive Useful Practicable A common requirements taxonomy and requirements structure will help with communication, integration and implementation of Cx plans

Contact Information Steve Sandford, SEO Director – NASA LaRC Phone: 757-864-1836 Email: Stephen.P.Sandford@nasa.gov Brian Killough, SEO Deputy Director – NASA LaRC Phone: 757-864-7047 Email: Brian.D.Killough@nasa.gov

BACKUP CHARTS

A Systems Approach for CEOS Observations Analysis Decisions Current state** of the system Predicted future or Current state* of the system System Model Knowledge and Process models Decisions by: Citizens Businesses Governments Policymakers General model for Earth observation system requirements development * Indirectly determined, e.g. clouds effect on heat flux ** Directly determined, e.g. precipitation

Constellation Team Support Primary support has been to the Atmospheric Composition Constellation team and Ernie Hilsenrath (NASA lead). Planned and coordinated 2 workshops, developed work plan and coordinated 3 projects. Performed an initial gap analysis considering GEO Societal Benefit Areas (SBA) and IGACO science themes. Additional updates will be completed prior to the Nov 2007 CEOS Plenary. Managing a contract with Rutherford Appleton Lab (RAL, Dr. Jolyon Reburn) to conduct an assessment and gap analysis of the current and planned missions that address AC Constellation requirements. Developing a “draft” ACC requirements document for the CEOS Plenary. Emphasize a “GEO Taxonomy” (Measurements, Knowledge/Models, Information). Participated in past Land Imaging and Precipitation Cx workshops, but no significant support has been requested.

Cx Mission Gap Analysis Example: Atmospheric Composition SBA and Mission Gap Analysis Include Current, In-Development, and Planned missions Traceability to 5 GEO SBA’s Traceability to 4 ACC Measurement Themes from IGACO. Easily identify gaps in SBA’s, Measurement Themes. Evaluate current or future risks to SBAs due to number of missions or schedule.

CEOS File Server Secure file server developed to support CEOS management and Cx teams. Currently 52 users, 14 folders and over 100 files. Hosted at NASA LaRC: https://ceos.larc.nasa.gov The server requires a password, allows controlled access to folders and information, and allows both downloading and uploading of documents. Username and Password access is required. Contact Brian Killough (SEO) for details.

CEOS Visualization Summary CEOS will present visualization products (movies) at both the CEOS Plenary Meeting (Hawaii, Nov 13- 14) and the GEO Summit Meeting (Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 28-30). The CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO) is leading the development effort of these products. CEOS plans to develop a SHORT (3-5 min) and LONG (10-12 min) video product that highlights the progress and objectives of the 4 Constellation teams. A CEOS Visualization Committee (VC) has been formed to work this task.

Societal Benefit Areas (9) SBA Observational Requirement Assessment Societal Benefit Areas (9) Disasters Phase-1 Total Measurement Set Taxonomy Filter Space Filter M Eliminate Redundant ObservationalRequirements Health Space K Energy M I Climate Water K OUTPUT M Weather K Ecosystems Ground- only I I Agriculture Biodiversity INPUT DBS = Data Buffer Subsystem DCS = Data Compression Subsystem IOS = IO Subsystem ICS = Instrument Controller Subsystem EDS = Engineering Data Subsystem PCS = Power Conditioning Unit PDU = Power Distribution Unit STU = Star Tracker Unit IRU = Inertial Reference Unit Taxonomy Classifications M = Measurements (Data Product Level 1-3: radiance, ocean height, soil moisture) K = Knowledge (Data Product Level 3-4: maps, trend data, models) I = Information (Advanced Data Products: Forecasts, Assessments, Reports)