0 Downloaded from FAA Runway Safety Briefing Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In April 2002

1 Downloaded from Outcome: Zero fatalities resulting from runway incursions.

2 Downloaded from What Do You Think? Q: What is the most common runway incursion caused by pilots?

3 Downloaded from Runway Incursions  A runway incursion is any occurrence on an airport runway involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, landing, or intending to land.  The FAA investigates runway incursions and attributes the occurrence to one or more of the following error types: –Operational Error –Pilot Deviation –Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation

4 Downloaded from Growing demand for air travel and NAS capacity The U.S. National Airspace System is the Busiest in the World Pressure to reduce delays and to enhance safety Over 64 million operations a year = 175,000 a day (11 yr avg) Over 650,000 pilots – 240,000 aircraft Over 450 towered airports Over 16,000 air traffic controllers General Aviation accounted for 57% of FY 2001 operations

5 Downloaded from Runway Incursions and General Aviation Statistics

6 Downloaded from General Aviation and Air Carrier Airports by Runway Incursions (CY1997 – 2001) General Aviation Airports # of Runway Incursions Air Carrier Airports # of Runway Incursions Total Ops ( ) SNA – 2.1M STL – 2.5M LGB – 2.1M PHX – 2.9M FXE – 1.2M DFW – 4.4M

7 Downloaded from Percentage of General Aviation Pilot Deviations CY CY 2001

8 Downloaded from Runway Incursions Total Tower Operations (millions)

9 Downloaded from What Do You Think? Q: What’s the common theme? A: Human Error

10 Downloaded from Primary Causal Factors of Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions ( ) There were 970 Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions 719 of these Pilot Deviations were able to be evaluated Other pilot deviations included landing over aircraft in position and landing/departing on closed runways 537 from pilot either entering the runway or crossing the hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions 95 from pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions

11 Downloaded from What Do You Think? Q: How many pilot deviations are General Aviation? Out of 537 pilots either entering the runway or crossing the hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions, 368 involved General Aviation - that’s 69%! Out of 95 pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions, 70 involved General Aviation – that’s 74%!

12 Downloaded from What Do You Think? Q: What are the most recurring pilot deviations? 1. Pilots acknowledge hold short instructions and either enter the runway or cross the hold short line 2. Pilots depart after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions 3. Pilots land over aircraft in position 4. Pilots land/depart on closed runways

13 Downloaded from Helpful Hints  Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short instructions  Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning and before descending to land, and while taxiing as needed  Know airport signage and markings  Review Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) for information on runway/taxiway closures and construction areas  Do not hesitate to request progressive taxi instructions from ATC when unsure of the taxi route

14 Downloaded from Helpful Hints  Check for traffic before crossing any Runway Hold Line and before entering a taxiway  Turn on aircraft lights and rotating beacon while taxiing and on runway  When landing, clear the active runway as quickly as possible then call for taxi instructions before further movement  Study and use proper radio phraseology as described in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) in order to respond to and understand ground control instructions  Write down taxi instructions at airports

15 Downloaded from Sarasota Bradenton

16 Downloaded from Here’s How We Are Helping  Sponsor new technology  Distribute runway safety materials  Notify pilots of certification requirements  Survey pilots on understanding of procedures  Improve data and statistics tracking  Partner with Industry to better inform our users

17 Downloaded from Technology  AMASS –A total of 40 Systems – 37 anticipated to be commissioned by the end of ’03 at 34 airports, and 3 support –11 Systems Commissioned: San Francisco, Detroit, Los Angeles #1 and #2, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Miami and Newark  ASDE-X –Software Development In Progress –Site Acceptance Test at Milwaukee in September ’02

18 Downloaded from Technology  Other Technologies being assessed –Motion Activated Lighting System (MALS) –Ground Marker –Electronic Message Board –Runway Status Lights System –Safe Flight 21 – Surface Moving Map

19 Downloaded from Advisory Circulars  AC No –Part 121, 125 and 135 flight crew procedures during taxi procedures  AC No –Part 91 pilot and flight crew procedures during taxi operations and part 135 single-pilot operations  Recently published, available through the runway safety website ( and part of an upcoming mailing to pilots.

20 Downloaded from Practical Test Standards  Surface operations are a required topic for practical test standards  Required both for initial and recurrent certification for pilots and Certified Flight Instructors  Standards will be published April 30, 2002

21 Downloaded from CFR Part (i) Survey Contains a provision that states — “A clearance to “taxi to” the takeoff runway assigned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cross that assigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any point, but is a clearance to cross other runways that intersect the taxi route to that assigned takeoff runway.”  176 pilots surveyed at Oshkosh Fly-in, 7/01 –Four scenarios presented –48 pilots (28.1 percent) responded correctly to all four scenarios –Majority of CFI-rated pilots, (55.8 percent), responded incorrectly  Most pilots misunderstood a taxiing clearance that involved crossing a runway that was the assigned takeoff runway

22 Downloaded from Runway Safety Website

23 Downloaded from Visit us in the FAA FSDO Safety Center hangar to  Participate in a Pilot Situational Awareness Survey  Check your knowledge of airfield markings

24 Downloaded from FAA Runway Safety Briefing Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In April 2002