The First 10 Alkanes. Alkane bond angles b/w carbons, 109.5°

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Presentation transcript:

The First 10 Alkanes

Alkane bond angles b/w carbons, 109.5°

Structural Formula, Octane

Different Diagrams/Forms for drawing Hydrocarbons Structural formula

Cycloalkane

Structural Isomers butane methylpropane

Naming Alkanes

Boiling/Melting Point Increases as Alkane size increases

Uses of Alkanes

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Rules for Naming Alkenes/Alkynes

Stereoisomers

Cis and Trans Isomers

Hydrogenation

Addition Reactions

Addition reaction with halogen - Halogenation

Hydrohalogenation Reaction

Hydration Reaction

Markovnikov’s Rule 2 – bromobutane is the most likely product

Markovnikov’s Rule

Michael Faraday (1791 – 1867)

Benzene

Common representation of Benzene

1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene

Toluene, methylbenzene

Substitution reactions involving Benzene

Ethanol

Primary Alcohol (1°)

Secondary (2°) Alcohol

Tertiary (3°) Alcohol

Naming/Drawing Alcohols

Hydration of Ethene to form Ethanol

Dehydration Reaction of Propanol

Typical Ethers

Condensation Rx to form an Ether

Rules for Naming Ethers - IUPAC

Ethanethiol

Carbonyl Group

Aldehyde

Aldehyde - butanal

Ketone

Ketone - Propanone

Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol produces an Aldehyde

Oxidation of a Secondary Alcohol produces an Ketone

Hydrogenation Rx of Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxyl group

Citric Acid

Methanoic Acid (or Formic Acid)

Ethanoic Acid (or Acetic Acid – Vinegar)

Propanoic Acid

Benzoic Acid

Melting Points of Carboxylic Acids vs. Alkanes

Carboxylic Acid Formation

Ester

Esters

Ester

General Esterification

Esterification

Glycerol

Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Structure of a Fatty Acid

Triglyceride formation

Triglyceride

Cis vs. Trans Fatty Acids

Amine

Primary Amine - Ethanamine

Aniline

Secondary Amine – N-methylmethanamine

Tertiary Amine – N,N-dimethylmethanamine

Boiling point of 1°, 2 °, 3 ° amines

1° Amine Synthesis

2° amine synthesis

3° amine synthesis

Amide

Primary Amide Synthesis

Synthesis of Amides