Engaging Students: What the Best College Teachers Do Presented by Bill Stahlin

How the Best Teachers Engage Students 4: Seek Commitments How the Best Teachers Engage Students Six Principles for Engaging Students 1: Create a Positive, Supportive Learning Environment 2: Get Students’ Attention and Keep It 3: Start with the Students Rather than with the Discipline 4: Seek Commitments 5: Engage Students in Thinking 6: Create Diverse Learning Experiences

1: Create a Positive, Supportive Learning Environment Devote early classes to creating a positive environment Find out what interests students Provide encouragement Know students names- call on them by name (seating charts are helpful)

1: Create a Positive, Supportive Learning Environment Be positive Make connections using anecdotes, analogies and humor Discover personal situations that could interfere with student learning

1: Create a Positive, Supportive Learning Environment Connect the known with the unknown Build bridges

1: Create a Positive, Supportive Learning Environment Self-disclosure Empathize with students Accounting is challenging ‘A cruel’ method of accounting It is not easy to internalize these concepts

2: Get Students’ Attention and Keep It Consciously try to get attention with some provocative act, question, or statement

2: Get Students’ Attention and Keep It Approach each class expecting students to listen, think, and respond. Use two way conversation- requires instructor to listen – can be a poorly developed skill Use eye contact and enthusiasm Be willing to call on students and ask them questions

2: Get Students’ Attention and Keep It Ask provocative questions: When rebuilding the Exxon Valdez should the cost of a new hull be capitalized? Do we recognize revenue when Boeing gets an order for 10 jumbo jets? Stand in contrast to professors who do not : Change course with student reactions Expect students to listen and respond

“Teaching is above all, about commanding attention and holding it - not just motivating students’ interest in the subject.” Michael Sandel Harvard political theorist

3: Start with the Students Rather than with the Discipline To gain attention they start with something that: students care about know, or think they know Don’t just lay out a blueprint or an outline or theory Know the value that intellectual challenges can play in stimulating interest

Who are our Students? Understanding who our students are is important in determining how to reach or engage them

Do You Recognize These Students? In surface learning, students (Bulimic Learners)remember something long enough to help them pass the exam Jello learner – on the outside looks like the student has a firm grasp of material. When shaken (exams) their knowledge is quite wobbly Do You Recognize These Students? Bulimic Learners – Surface learners who remember long enough to help them pass the exam Jell-O Learners On the outside, looks like the student has a firm grasp of material. When shaken (exams) their knowledge is quite wobbly

3: Start with the Students Rather than with the Discipline Provide context: “With hocked gems financing him, he defied all scornful laughter that tried to prevent his scheme. ‘Your eyes deceive’ he said. ‘It is like an egg, not a table.’ Now three sturdy sisters sought truth. As they forged along, sometimes through calm vastness, yet more often over turbulent peaks and valleys, their days become weeks as many doubters spread fearful rumors about the edge. At last from nowhere, winged creatures appeared, signifying the journey’s end.”

3: Start with the Students Rather than with the Discipline Review what was covered in last class Have students leave each class feeling they learned something Raise questions rather than give answers - get students involved

“Too often we give students answers to remember rather than problems to solve.” - Roger Lewin, Science Author

4: Seek Commitments Ask your students for a commitment to the class and the learning “The decision to take this class is the decision to attend the class every time it meets” “My decision to teach includes the commitment to offer sessions worth attending” This is different from professors who try to rule like a drill sergeant

5: Engage Students in Thinking, Not Just Memorizing or Learning to “Plug and Chug” Think about teaching students to understand, apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate Let them learn by doing, by thinking through problems Don’t just perform problems in front of the students Ask questions that will help students grapple with concepts and invent ways to solve the problems

6: Create Diverse Learning Experiences The brain loves diversity - conduct class in a multitude of ways. Sometimes offer visual information other times, auditory input Organize some material inductively; others, deductively Include surprises. The brain loves novelty Offer a balance of the systematic and the messy

“Material should be uncovered rather than covered.” “Materials should be uncovered rather than covered.” MIT’s ‘The torch or the fire hose’ “Material should be uncovered rather than covered.” MIT’s ‘The torch or the fire hose’

Summary Six Principles for Engaging Students 4: Seek Commitments Summary Six Principles for Engaging Students 1: Create A Critical, Supportive Learning Environment 2: Get Students’ Attention and Keep It 3: Start with the Students Rather than with the Discipline 4: Seek Commitments 5: Engage Students in Thinking 6: Create Diverse Learning Experiences

The mediocre teachers tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. William Arthur Ward

Tips on Changing the Way You Teach Performance may decrease initially - don’t be discouraged It may be uncomfortable Students may react negatively initially You may not be pleased with the feedback

References WSJ educator subscription http://professor.wsj.com/info/2010/07/19/weekly-review/ 10 stock certificates for $12 http://www.kenmorestamp.com/railroad-stock-certificates Ken Bain lecture GWU video http://tlc.provost.gwu.edu/teaching-day-2012