Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference COUNTERFEITING AND OTHER PROBLEMS IN SALES OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS National Plant Protection and Seed Inspection Service Polish Association of Plant Protection Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch ul. Gliwicka 29, Sośnicowice tel. (032) , fax. (032) web: International Conference: Organizers: Stanisław Stobiecki Author: ACTIONS BY INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION – – NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AGAINST COUNTERFEITING OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS Presentation Title:

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference ORGANIZATION OF QUALITY TESTING IN POLAND MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION AND SEED INSPECTION SERVICE INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION – NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Multi-year national programme: „CROP PROTECTION ACCOUNTING FOR FOOD SAFETY AND PREVENTION OF YIELD LOSSES AND HAZARDS TO HUMAN HEALTH, LIFESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT”. Task 2: „Protection of people, animals and the environment against the adverse effects of pesticides, including food safety control”. Task 2.4.: „Quality analyses of active substances and plant protection products”. Funding secured from the national budget for

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference ORGANIZATION OF QUALITY TESTING IN POLAND (cont.’d) Task 2.4 Contractors 1)National Plant Protection and Seed Inspection Service  draft plans  collect control samples  provide substantive supervision of the task  receive and approve reports SCOPE: 2)Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch SCOPE:  conduct analytic testing  perform analyses of the results  issue certificates of analysis  draft detailed annual reports  create databases  provide IT services  prepare analyses for policies regarding sales and distribution of plant protection products

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference ORGANIZATION OF QUALITY TESTING IN POLAND (cont.’d)  quality testing of technical concentrates for plant protection products  analyses of expired pesticides  resolution of claims regarding pesticide quality  quality testing ordered by prosecutor’s office and police  testing of products suspected of counterfeit  testing of products from parallel import (planned for 2009) SCOPE: Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Pesticide quality testing ordered by other institutions: Contractor:

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES UNDER TASK NO  number of samples tested: ~350 annually  type of samples: random, scheduled, interventional  development and advancement of analytical methods  on-going issue of certificates of analysis for Provincial Inspectorates of Plant Protection and Seed Inspection  forwarding information on the results of analyses to all inspectors via an internet server  on-going development of quality certificates

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference EXECUTIVE CAPABILITITIES WITH RESPECT TO QUALITY TESTING  active substance content testing  identification and determination of impurities  content testing (identification of ingredients)  identity testing  physical and chemical properties  5-batch analyses of technical concentrates, according to GLP CHEMICAL TESTS: Physical and chemical methods:GC, HPLC-UV-DAD-RR, TLC-SCAN, GC-MS, LC-MS  laboratory and plot efficacy studies of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides  greenhouse and plot phytotoxicity testing BIOLOGICAL TESTS: producer’s methods, FAO-WHO specifications, CIPAC, AOAC standard international methods, own method, scientific literature METHODS:

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference NEW CAPABILITIES OF CHEMICAL TESTING „Laboratory modernization for comprehensive pesticide testing at IPP-NRI Sośnicowice Branch” European Union Project:  Comprehensive remodeling of two laboratory facilities  Purchase of modern analytical equipment Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Beneficiary: 2007/2008 (completed in September 2008) Time: Scope:  GC – NPD, EC detectors  HPLC – UV, DAD detectors  GC-MS (2 chromatographs) – FID, ECD, MS-EI, MS-CHEM I detectors  LC/MS/MS (triple quadrupole) Quantitative analysis and identification of ingredients in pesticide formulations, testing of impurities, residue analysis in plant material, soil, water, food and agricultural products Application:

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference SUMMARY OF MONITORING ANALYSES IN 2007 Type of monitoring samples taken by PIORiN Number of samples Type of determination Number of determinations Number of negative determinations SCHEDULED OFFICIAL MONITORING 44 phys.-chem properties911 a.s. content764 biological efficacy2 RANDOM OFFICIAL MONITORING 245 phys.-chem properties56929 a.s. content34918 biological efficacy18 INTERVENTIONAL OFFICIAL MONITORING 11 phys.-chem properties18 a.s. content, identification of impurities 323 biological efficacy0 TOTAL300 TOTAL

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference COUNTERFEIT PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS  Plant Protection and Seed Inspection Service as part of the official pesticide quality control  Institutions participating in distribution and use of pesticides Orders for testing:  producers  importers  wholesalers  retailers  farm owners  other agricultural institutions  Law enforcement  police  Prosecutor’s office  Other state offices

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference NUMBER OF PPP SAMPLES TESTED AT IPP-NRI SOŚNICOWICE BRANCH IN CONNECTION WITH COUNTERFEITING Total : (49 samples – ordered by PIORiN; 22 samples – ordered by other institutions)

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference RESULTS OF ANALYSES FOR SAMPLES SUSPECTED OF COUNTERFEIT – 2008 Number of samples received for analyses by Confirmed counterfeit 56 Number of positive samples 9 Currently under analyses 6

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference CAUSES FOR DETERMINING COUNTERFEITING  product different from a plant protection product  counterfeit, unauthentic label  label in a foreign language or no label  dilutions of a plant protection product  product different than label description  different profile of impurities than a standard product  formulation composition different from a standard product

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference BASIC PROBLEM – PRODUCT IDENTITY TESTING ACTIVE SUBSTANCE IDENTITYPESTICIDE FORMULATION IDENTITY  identical chemical compound  identical phys.-chem. properties  identical requirements with regard to minimum purity  identical composition of impurities identical method of synthesis for the active substance  identical formulation type  identical ingredients, incl. coformulants  identical quantitative ratio of coformulants  identical phys.-chem properties  identical quality requirements

Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch Warszawa, nd International Conference NEED FOR MORE EFFICIENT ACTIONS  conduct intense information campaign for law enforcement with regard to the specificity of counterfeit pesticides and proper classification of the violation  urgent access of the controlling institutions to the original pesticides in order to use them as reference products in identity testing  create a database with labels and types of containers for the most commonly counterfeited products  exchange of information among the controlling offices of countries collaborating against counterfeiting  improvement in communication between the interested parties – creation of an internet forum?