CONJUNCTIVE WATER USE AS A SOLUTION TO SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LAKE CHAD BASIN, AFRICA by Solomon A. Isiorho, Indiana University - Purdue University Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA J. A. Oguntola and A. Olojoba Lake Chad Basin Commission, N’Djamena, Chad Republic

Aim Examine water use in semi-arid region in developing nations Water water water r

Talk Outline Introduction Limiting Factors Importance of Lake Chad Current/ongoing studies Possible Solutions Conclusions

Introduction

L.ake Chad Basin

Study Area

Limiting Factors Global Climate Change

Limiting Factors Global Climate Change Droughts

Limiting Factor: Drought

Limiting Factors Global Climate Change Droughts Population

Limiting Factors Global Climate Change Droughts Population Conflicts

Limiting Factors: Conflicts Changing Shorelines Flux in Boundary demarcation Water rights

Limiting Factors: Conflicts Changing Shorelines Flux in Boundary demarcation Water rights

Limiting Factors Global Climate Change Droughts Population Conflicts None involvement of Stakeholders

Limiting Factors Global Climate Change Droughts Population Conflicts None involvement of Stakeholders Pollution

Limiting Factors Global Climate Change Droughts Population Conflicts None involvement of Stakeholders Pollution Education

Importance of Lake Chad Political Boundary Provides Protein (Fish)

Importance of Lake Chad Political Boundary Provides Protein (Fish) Provides jobs Provides water

Importance of Lake Chad Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo appeals to the UN Development Programme and other international agencies for help in reversing the gradual recession and degradation of Lake Chad, once the world's sixth largest, "Your vision for the people of the Lake Chad basin must have at its core the security and well-being of the suffering masses as well as the unity of the member-nations," In Abuja at the opening of the 47th session of the Lake Chad Basin Commission Copyright (c) UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs bA-00 (Wednesday 8 March)

Current/ongoing studies Field-based Studies

Hydrogeology –Wells –Geophysical method

Results/Discussions Hydrogeology

Results/Discussions Hydrogeology

Field-based Studies Hydrogeology –Wells –Geophysical method Remote Sensing/GIS –Shoreline monitoring –Lineaments –Inventory

Results/Discussions Remote Sensing

Results/Discussions Remote Sensing

Results/Discussions Remote Sensing

Chari Hydrograph at N’Djamena Years Max. Levels Max. discharge Total Annual »(cm) (cm3/s) 10 9m3 1983/ / / / / / / / ___________________________________________________ Flood peaks and flow volume of Chari River at N'Djamena (Irivboje, 1991)

“As a result of persistent drought since the 1960s, the lake has shrunk to one-tenth of its size.” Copyright (c) UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs bA-00 (Wednesday 8 March)

Field-based Studies Hydrogeology –Wells –Geophysical method Remote Sensing/GIS –Shoreline monitoring –Lineaments –Inventory Water quality

Results/Discussions Water Chemistry

Possible Solution(s) Management strategy –interpretation and dissemination of information –eliminate water wasting projects –involve stakeholders –conjunctive surface & ground water use

Possible Solution(s) Role of Lake Chad Basin Commission –coordinate data collection/management Members states of the commission, formed in 1964 to ensure optimal use of the lake basin's water resources, are Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Niger and Nigeria. The commission is also supposed to coordinate the planning and implementation of all regional projects of the lake basin, review complaints and help settle disputes.

Conclusions Sustainable economic development possible Hydrology –Conjunctive use of surface and ground water Stakeholders –Involvement Education –A two-way process

Conclusions