‘SUP! READ THE BOARD! PLEASE HAVE OBJECTIVES #16-19READY FOR A STAMP.

WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT  Determining the needs of wildlife  Creating strategies to meet these needs

WHY COUNT POPULATION SIZE ACCURATELY? Census vs. Random sampling. Tag and Recapture is a type of random sampling.

CAMERA TRAPS wwf camera trap more pics

HABITAT STRATEGIES Habitat management and improvement  Setting aside reserves, coordinating with private landowners

STRATEGIES TO MEET WILDLIFE NEEDS Removal of invasive species, replanting native species, using prescribed burns – hey, that’s YOU!!!

HABITAT STRATEGIES Habitat management and improvement  Connecting reserves through wildlife corridors

HABITAT STRATEGIES Habitat management and improvement  Creating artificial nesting sites (Red cockaded woodpecker in Eastern Texas)

HABITAT STRATEGIES Debt for nature swaps  Pioneered by World Wildlife Fund  US forgives part of developing nation’s debt in exchange for commitment to set aside habitat.

CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM Federal program Pays land owners to put marginal lands back into native vegetation to provide wildlife habitat 31.4 million acres currently

STRATEGIES TO MEET WILDLIFE NEEDS Removal of invasive species, replanting native species, using prescribed burns – hey, that’s YOU!!!

TRANSLOCATION/TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS Individuals are captured in well- populated areas and moved to less- populaed areas Increases genetic biodiversity 1996 wolves reintroduced in Yellowstone

CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAMS Usually with egg- layers – birds/amphibians Young are raised until they can survive on their own in the wild and then released

ZOOS – SPECIES PROTECTION PLAN Genetic index of CITES species Cross breeding of distantly-related individuals frozen zoo

WHAT IF THERE ARE TOO MANY OF A SPECIES?

HUNTING AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT Replacing the niche of the predator – controlling herbivore populations Fees for licenses provide millions of dollars for the states Funds used for wildlife management and habitat improvement In Texas, 2.7 million hunters and anglers contribute twice the money raised by cotton, our biggest agricultural product.

TROPHY HUNTING – HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE GENE POOL DIFFERENTLY THAN PREDATION?

LEGAL PROTECTION - The Endangered Species Act is powerful legislation.

ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT 1973 Creates a list of threatened and endangered species Organisms on the list cannot be harmed and their habitat cannot be disrupted All species on the list must have a recovery plan Government development plans must take endangered species into consideration and may not disrupt critical habitat. ESA administered by US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Marine National Fisheries Service

HOW MANY SPECIES ARE ON THE LIST TODAY? Check out the “boxscore” by the Fish and Wildlife Service USFWS box score

Get ON the list?  Nomination by anyone  Priority Review by Fish and Wildlife Service (they study organism to see if it is declining and what it’s threats are)  Public Comment (other people can bring forward evidence about the species)  Final listing by Fish and Wildlife Director Get OFF the list? Wildlife managers work to increase populations through the recovery plans Proposed delisting Three independent specialists assess population size and threats Species removed Species monitored for five years the list? HOW DOES A SPECIES...

INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species  Species on the Red List cannot be transported across international borders to reduce poaching.  Meets every 3 yrs to create global policies affecting wildlife

First US law protecting wildlife Cannot take parts of animals or plants across state lines Inspired by overharvesting of birds for ladies’ hats LACEY ACT 1900

DELISTED SPECIES – SUCCESS!

TEXAS SUCCESS STORIES!

BIG HORN SHEEP

BIG HORN REINTRODUCTION IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK  Translocation project  Now 7 herds, about the same size population as the late 1800’s

KEMP’S RIDLEY SEA TURTLE

CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAM

BROWN PELICAN DDT biomagnified through the population DDT use banned in 1970’s Taken off the Endangered Species list a few years ago!

What is wildlife management? Name three ways wildlife managers might improve habitat. Name two other strategies managers might use to increase population size How are the ESA and CITES different? How are CITES and the Lacey act similar? CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING