Recipe for the Universe in the High School Classroom Randy Ruchti Department of Physics University of Notre Dame

Thanks To many colleagues… – CMS, ATLAS, CERN/LHC – QuarkNet, I2U2 – Notre Dame, RET, NDeRC For funding support… – NSF, DOE, Notre Dame 2IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago

Why Particle Physics in the Classroom? Great science questions Intriguing with interesting techniques Cultural with international elements Engaging - experiments provide sufficient time for direct participation of a broad community IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago

Why is particle physics “cool”? Recipe for a Universe* – Take a massive explosion to create plenty of stardust and a raging heat. – Simmer for an eternity in a background of cosmic microwaves. – Let the ingredients congeal and leave to cool. – Serve cold with cultures of tiny organisms 13.7 billion years later. *From the CERN and CMS Websites IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago

5 Large Hadron Collider Numbers 5

IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago The Periodic Table 6

IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago The “Newer” Periodic Table 7

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10 The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN

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IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago Schematic View of CMS Minus SidePlus Side 13

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IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago The CMS Collaboration 2310 Scientific Authors 38 Countries 175 Institutions CERN France Italy UK Switzerland USA Austria Finland Greece Hungary Belgium Poland Portugal Spain Pakistan Georgia Armenia Ukraine Uzbekistan Cyprus Croatia China, PR Turkey Belarus Estonia India Germany Korea Russia Bulgaria China (Taiwan) Iran Serbia New-Zealand Brazil Ireland Member States Non-Member States Total USA # Scientific Authors Member States Total USA 67 Non-Member States Number of Laboratories Associated Institutes Number of Scientists Number of Laboratories 62 9 Oct. 3rd 2007/gm Mexico Colombia Lithuania 15

IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago QuarkNet 50 Centers in 25 states and Puerto Rico 500 HS Teachers 150 Particle Physicist mentors 100 HS Students annually A professional development program for HS Teachers with immersive research experience for HS teachers and students. Now in its 11 th year. Supported by NSF and DOE 16

IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago Compact Particle Detectors Assembly  CERN Beam  17

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IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago Schematic of the Apparatus 19

IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago Schematic of use in a particle beam Image Intensifier Photocathode Terbium Glass Fiber-optic Plate

IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago Elements of the LHC research plan Search for – New forces – The origin of mass – Dark Matter – Extra dimensions of spacetime – …the unexpected! 21

IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago A hypothesized new particle Z'

IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago Higgs and Mass

Acquiring Mass 24 IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago

Higgs Boson 25 IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago

(Extra) Dimensions of Space 26 IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago

Why is gravity weak? 27 IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago

Escaping into extra dimension 28

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IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago The issue of Dark Matter

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IE01 Ruchti AAPT Chicago Some websites for follow up For Teachers and Students – – For General Information – – – cmsinfo/index.html cmsinfo/index.html – –