Ecology Chapter 20 Cycles of Matter Lesson #2 Science 7 Guided Note Set Mr. Nigh

Pretest Put your name and hour on a lined sheet of paper Answer the following questions individually to the best of your ability The data from this exercise will only be used to provide a direction for future discussions

The scientific study of how organisms interact with their environment. A. Biology B. Chemistry C. Ecology D. Astrology

What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems? A. Water B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Sunlight

Which organism is a decomposer? A. Vulture B. Sunflower C. Musk Ox D. fungi

Which factor is least important in determining the plant life in a biome? A. Average rainfall B. Average temperature C. Type of soil D. Type of animals living there

Which is not an abiotic factor? A. plants B. sunlight C. water D. temperature

6. Which is not a producer? A. Seaweed B. Corn C. Caterpillar D. Trees

Which of the following is a consumer? A. Mushroom B. Grass C. Plankton D. bird

Which is not a biotic factor? A. Leaves B. Water C. Trees D. snakes

Large geographic areas that are characterized by a certain climate, plants, and animals. A. Ecosystems B. Estuaries C. Biomes D. Countries

Trees that grow their leaves in the spring and drop them in the fall are known as? A. Coniferous B. Taiga C. Evergreen D. Deciduous

Background Information All organisms must take in water and food to survive All of the materials an organism takes in are returned to the ecosystem. This process takes place while the organism live and after it dies

Cycles The movement of matter through the living and non-living parts of an Ecosystem. It is a continual process The three most important cycles in ecosystems involve water, carbon, and nitrogen.

What are the three most important cycles in ecosystems? Quick Quiz What are the three most important cycles in ecosystems?

Water Carbon Nitrogen

The Water Cycle Water is stored on Earth’s surface in rivers, lakes, and oceans. Water is found underground Large amounts of water is stored in polar regions in glaciers and polar ice sheets. 4. The movement of water through the environment is the Water Cycle.

5. Water is made up of two elements-hydrogen and oxygen It changes its state of matter between three forms in the water cycle A. gas B. liquid C. solid

Gasses Water returns to the atmosphere when heated, changing back into a vapor, a process known as evaporation Animals release water vapor when they breathe through respiration Plants release water vapor through transpiration

Quick Quiz! What are the three ways that water is returned to the atmosphere by heat, plants, and animals

Transpiration by plant Respiration by animals Evaporation by heat Transpiration by plant Respiration by animals

Liquids and Solids Water that falls to the Earth’s surface is referred to as precipitation Could fall as rain, mist, sleet, hail, or snow If the temperature is cold enough, precipitation is stored as ice

Evaporation Evaporation is the process during which liquid water changes into a gas called water vapor

Transpiration Cover ½ of plant with a plastic bag Put into a warm environment Water thoroughly Watch for water vapor to occur on the inside of plastic bag as water vapor escapes from leaves About 10% of water vapor in the atmosphere comes from transpiration or water passing from plants to the atmosphere Transpiration

Condensation Condensation is the process during which water vapor changes into liquid water

The Nitrogen Cycle Almost 80% of the air that you breathe is Nitrogen gas. Nitrogen is an important element for life. The nitrogen your body needs can only be obtained from plants.

The Nitrogen Cycle

Plants cannot use pure nitrogen gas either. Nitrogen must be broken down or fixed for plants to use it. One method in which nitrogen gas is fixed is by bacteria in the soil that decompose dead plants and animals. The second method is fixation through---

Lightning

How is nitrogen fixed so that plants can use it for growth? Quick Quiz! How is nitrogen fixed so that plants can use it for growth?

Nitrogen fixing bacteria and Lightning

Carbon Cycle Carbon is an element found in all living things It is through Carbon Dioxide Gas found in the atmosphere that carbon enters the living parts of an ecosystem

The Carbon Cycle

Photosynthesis Plants use carbon dioxide to produce food in the form of a sugar called glucose- a process known as photosynthesis. Food supplies the energy and materials living things need to live and grow As a byproduct of this process oxygen is released to the atmosphere.

Plants produce their food in a process called? Quick Quiz Plants produce their food in a process called?

Photosynthesis

Energy in Food To release the energy in food, organisms break down the carbon compounds, a process called respiration. Carbon is released and cycled back into the atmosphere as Carbon Dioxide

Animals release the energy in food by a process called? Quick Quiz! Animals release the energy in food by a process called?

Respiration

Carbon in Earth’s Oceans Earth’s oceans contain far more carbon than the air does. In water ecosystems carbon dioxide is dissolved in water Marine animals also release Carbon Dioxide into water from respiration Algae and phytoplankton are photosynthetic organisms that use carbon and sunlight to produce their own food

Quick Quiz! What do organisms in the ocean require for photosynthesis?

Carbon and Sunlight

Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect is the trapping of heat in the atmosphere by gasses such as Carbon Dioxide and Methane

Math Extension

Temperature and the Water Cycle Remember the metric freezing and boiling points? Answer the following 1. A container of water is left out over night, when the temperature is -18C. In the morning, the air temperature rises by 8C. What temperature is in the air. What will happen to the water.

2. An ice block sits in a field where the air is 0C 2. An ice block sits in a field where the air is 0C.The air temperature rises by 16C, then it drops 8C. What temperature is the air in the field now. What will happen to the ice. What happens to a block of ice after the temp. in the air follows this pattern: -6 +17+10+18+(-5)? What temp. has the air reached?

Answers -18+8= -10C, the water will freeze 0+16-8=8C, some of the block will melt It melts, 34C

The End