The Reproductive System Part 2 Chapter 39 Section 3

This artificially colored scanning electron micrograph shows sperm (orange objects) on the uterine wall.

The Female Reproductive System The main function of the female reproductive system is to produce ova. In addition, the female reproductive system prepares the female's body to nourish a developing embryo. the ovaries usually produce only one mature ovum (plural: ova), or egg, each month.

The Menstrual Cycle The interaction of the reproductive system and the endocrine system in females takes the form of a complex series of periodic events called the menstrual cycle The cycle takes an average of about 28 days. (about a month, test question)

During the menstrual cycle, an egg develops and is released from an ovary. In addition, the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg. If the egg is fertilized, it is implanted in the uterus and embryonic development begins. If an egg is not fertilized, it is discharged, along with the lining of the uterus.

The process by which a sperm joins an egg is called fertilization. Once the sperm nucleus enters the egg, the egg's cell membrane changes, preventing other sperm from entering.

Gastrulation takes place in the uterus. (test question) The result of gastrulation is the formation of three cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. (test question) all of the organs and tissues of the embryo will be formed from these germ layers.

The ectoderm will develop into the skin and the nervous system. The endoderm forms the lining of the digestive system and many of the digestive organs. Mesoderm cells differentiate to form many of the body's internal tissues and organs.

placenta The placenta is the connection between mother and developing embryo. (test question)

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