The Science of Biology

What is Science? What is its purpose? To investigate questions To support or refute a theory To gain knowledge

The Scientific Method! State the Question Form a Hypothesis Conduct an Experiment Collect Data Draw A Conclusion

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Qualitative Describes data using words Quality Ex. There are many red cars in the parking lot Quantitative Describes data with numbers Quantity Ex. There are 14 cars in the parking lot

Designing an Experiment How many variables are in a typical experiment? How many variables can be tested at one time?

The main parts of an experiment Independent Variable (manipulated) Dependent Variable (responding/result) Control

Determine the variables in the experiment A botanist is studying the affect of fertilizer on pea plants. She test 5 plants. She adds 6 oz of fertilizer to plant 1, 7 oz of fertilizer to plant 2, 8 oz to plant 3, 9 oz to plant 4 and no fertilizer to plant 5. She waters each of the plants with 200mL of water everyday for 2 weeks and places them in the sun for 3 hours each day.

Key Experiments From the Past Francesco Redi: Refuted Spontaneous Generation John Needham: Retested Redi’s experiment Lazzaro Spallanzani: Retest Redi’s Experiment

Key Experiments From the Past Louis Pasteur: Spontaneous Generation Pasteurization & sterilization

Characteristics of Living Things 1. Made of Cells 2. Reproduce 3. Based on Universal Genetic Code 4. Grow and Develop 5. Obtain and Use Materials and Energy 6. Respond the Their Environment 7. Maintain a Stable Internal Environment (homeostasis) 8. Change Over Time

The Metric System Units: Length = The __________ from one point to another Volume = The amount of ________ an object takes up Mass = The amount of __________ in an object Temperature = The measure of _________ or _________

SI Units Length = m Volume (solid) = cm 3 Volume (liquid) = mL Mass = kg Temperature = Celsius

Scientists often record their data in a table or _______. There are multiple types of graphs: ______, _______, or a ____ ______. X- axis is along the ___________plane Y-axis is along the __________plane

Microscopes Light Microscope: produces magnified images by focusing _______ _______ ____. Most commonly used microscope Compound Light Microscope: allows light to pass through the specimen and uses _____ lenses to form an image.

Microscopes Electron Microscope: produces magnified images by focusing ______ of ________. Can produce images almost 1000 times more detailed than a light microscope.

Two Types of Electron Microscopes: Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): shine a beam of electrons through a thin specimen. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): scan a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the ____________ of the specimen.