Warm-up List five observations about the picture shown below…

Handbook A Applied Biology

Scientific Skills Introduction & Discussion- What are Scientific Skills? Science process skills= science inquiry skills. Used to: Explore the world Gather information Identify problems Answer questions Solve problems Do only scientists use these skills? Have students brainstorm –in pairs ( neighbor ) What are scientific skills? Why are they called this? What are some skills that you think are scientific? Who uses these skills? Only scientists? Students are to write down their ideas. Call on groups and write down ideas on the board.

Science Processing Skills Observing using five senses- they are?

Tools for Observation Microscope Magnifying lens Scale Thermometer Ruler

Comparing and Contrasting Comparing vs contrasting similarities ( alike) vs differences Analyze these two pictures- Ask students to list similarities in one colummn and differences in another colummn. Write and discuss on board. Can other students observe the same data? Observations should be repeatable. Comparison activity in pairs-

2. Classifying Data What is data? Data – Information collected through observation. Classify- grouping things together that are similar (alike) What are some examples? Color, shape, use, size… When have you done this? To recognize and study relationships To organize large groups- easier to study Classification activity-

3. Modeling and Simulating

Modeling and Simulations Model- tool to represent an object or process. Examples- 3-D picture, drawing, computer image, diagram, blueprint When/why would this be used? When ‘something’ (object or process),is too big or small to see. Can be more detailed that what your eyes see When a process is too hard to explain with words

Modeling and Simulations Simulation- a computer model that shows a process. What are some examples? Flight training, combat training, computerized dissections Why use simulations? Can be used to predict the outcome of an experiment Training Show a process

4. Measuring

4. Measuring Measuring- comparing an unknown value with a known value using standard units. 2 Systems- 1. English System – foot, gallon, pound 2. Metric System ( SI- Systeme International) – based on units of 10. Why do scientists use the metric system? Prefixes- are used to show units kilo-, hecto -, deca-, centi-, milli- Unit- an amount used to measure something

PREFIX MEANING (k) kilo- One Thousand ( 1,000 ) (h) hecto- One Hundred (100 ) (da) deca- Ten (10 ) BASE UNIT (meter, liter, gram) m l g One ( 1 ) (d) deci- One tenth (1/10 or 0.1) (c) centi- One-hundredth (1/100 or 0.01) (m) milli- One- thousandth (1/1,000or 0.001) 13

How Will I Ever Remember That??? King- Kilo Henry - Hecto Doesn’t - Deca Usually – unit (Meter, Gram, Liter ) Drink - deci Chocolate - centi Milk - milli LARGEST SMALLEST

Metric Conversions km hm dam Base dm cm mm Let’s try one! Meter m dm cm mm Let’s try one! How many centimeters are in 50 mm? 15

Metric Conversions Set up the equation- 50. 0 mm = ___ cm Simply move the decimal point in the direction you want to go ! km hm dam Base Meter m dm cm mm X Set up the equation- 50. 0 mm = ___ cm Hint: Where are you starting? Where do you want to end up? Which way do you move the decimal point? What do you do with the extra zeros? 16

Simply move the decimal point!!! Metric Conversions Simply move the decimal point!!! km hm dam Base Meter m dm cm mm X 50.0 mm = 5.0 cm We simply moved the decimal place left 1 space. 17

Measuring Length/distance Meter- unit of length or distance can measure in cm, mm, km.. Instrument/tool used to measure length - ruler 1 Centimeter 1 Millimeter Inch 18

A B C How many millimeters are shown at A? How many millimeters are shown at B? How many millimeters are shown at C? Centimeters?

A B C How many millimeters are shown at A? 3 How many millimeters are shown at B? 12 How many millimeters are shown at C? 30 Centimeters? 3

Measuring Area When would you measure area? Measuring the area of floor in a room. Area = Length x Width Units are square meters (m²) or square centimeters (cm²) 21

Measuring Area Practice - Calculate the area of this rectangle 10 cm

Measuring Area Calculate the area of this rectangle 10 cm 4 cm Area= L x W = 10cm x 4cm = 40cm²

Measuring Mass & Weight Mass = Amount of matter in something Gram= metric unit of mass, can also use kg Instruments to measure mass Balance Scale Weight = measure of the Earth’s gravity pulling an object – unit =pounds

Measuring Volume Volume= amount of space matter takes up Liter= l -unit of liquid volume; but can also use ml Tool= graduated cylinder

Measuring Volume Always read the instrument at eye level Read the number at the bottom of the curve called the meniscus. 26

Measuring Volume of a Solid Using a ruler Volume = Length x Width x Height =2 cm =2 cm =3 cm Volume = L x W x H

Measuring Volume of a Solid Volume = Length x Width x Height What is the volume of this object? =2 cm =2 cm =3 cm Units= cm3

Measuring Volume of a Solid Volume = Length x Width x Height =2 cm =2 cm =3 cm Volume = 3cm x 2 cm x 2 cm = 12 cm³

Measuring Volume of an Irregular Solid a. calculate initial volume of liquid b. put solid in liquid c. subtract initial volume from final volume d. calculate volume of solid

Measuring Temperature Temperature – measure of the amount of heat energy something contains Instrument = thermometer Thermometers are filled with a liquid that expands and moves up the tube when heat is added. 31

3 Temperature Scales Fahrenheit- (F) English system Celsius (C) – metric system- used by scientists. Kelvin (K)- used for very low temperatures- below -273 0 C

Comparison Chart Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperatures Boiling point of water 100 ° C 212 0 F Human body temperature 37 ° C 98.6 ° F Room temperature 21 0 C 70 0 F Freezing point of water 32 ° F 0 ° C 33

Analyzing Data and Results Visual display of data/results

5. Analyzing Data & Communicating Results Data is organized - logical order, often visually in tables, charts, graphs, diagrams Table- rows and columns, show numerical data Graph- bar, line, circle, use coloring or patterns to represent information, typically have x- and y-axis Communication- sharing information Results and data are communicated through reports, books, articles, websites

6. Making Predictions INFER = to form a conclusion make INFERENCES based upon observation or previous experience Supported by evidence, can be tested by an experiment ONE POSSIBLE explanation, NOT A FACT predict = to say ahead of time what you think is going to happen Make predictions based upon inferences, evidence or past experience

Infering

Predicting