The Continuing Cold War “I have here in my hand a list of 205 (people) who were known to the secretary of state as being members of the Communist Party and who, nevertheless, are still working and shaping policy at the State Department” McCarthy

The McCarthy Era McCarthy’s accusations sparked an anti- Communist hysteria and a national search for Communists McCarthyism- refers to the smear tactics that Sen. McCarthy used to falsely accuse innocent people McCarthy used his new power and name recognition to get reelected

McCarthy McCarthy attacked a national hero in George Marshall author of the Marshall Plan, saying he was involved in a conspiracy to allow China to become Communist Army attacked McCarthy for seeking special treatment for his aid Hearings were called and when the citizens saw his tactics on TV, he quickly lost popularity

McCarthyism

McCarthyism (video clip 2)

The Cold War in the 1950s Dwight D. Eisenhower became President in 1953 Eisenhower decided to continue the policy of containment With the sudden death of Stalin in March 1953, Soviets policy became more moderate

Southeast Asia Korean War ended with a peace treaty U.S. was aiding France, which was trying to retain control of its colony, Vietnam When an international conference divided Vietnam, like Korea, the U.S. provided aid to South Vietnam

The Middle East Holocaust forced many Jews to seek safety in Palestine (controlled by G.B.), the Biblical home of the Jewish people. Calls for a Jewish state intensified GB turned the issue over to the U.N. The U.N. created two states one Jewish one Arab The Arab state of viewed Jewish Israel as their homeland and attacked the state U.S. supported Israel and Soviets supported the Arabs

The Middle East A nationalist leader gained control of Iran The U.S., fearful of Iran becoming Communist, supported the overthrow and restored the pro- American Shah of Iran to power U.S. and G.B. cut off aid to Egypt, when they sought Soviet support Egypt took control of the Suez Canal, fighting broke out. Soviets threatened war and NATO was withdrawn U.S. troops put down a Lebanese revolt against its pro-American Gov’t

Map 27.3 American Global Defense Treaties in the Cold War Era (p. 795)

The Suez Crisis:

The Suez Crisis

Latin American U.S. also supported pro-American Govts. in Latin America U.S. sent troops to Nicaragua and Honduras to put into place pro-American leaders U.S. also led the way to form pacts and organizations to united the Americas CIA helped overthrow the govt. of Guatemala Soviets believed the war was escalating

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Hungarian Uprising crushed by The Soviet Union.

Protect Them (p. 782)

The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap?” }The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in }Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

The Arms Race An arms race or struggle to gain weapons superiority between the U.S. and the Soviets Nuclear Arsenals Both the U.S. and the Soviets invented thermonuclear bombs or H-Bombs 750 times more powerful than the A-Bomb Deterrence - the policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack for fear of retaliation Massive Retaliation - extreme reaction Brinksmanship - to the brink of war to prevent it

The Arms Race Brinkmanship “The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art. If you cannot master it, you inevitably get into war. If you try to run away from it, if you are scared to go the brink, you are lost.” Secretary Dulles

Duck and Cover

The Arms Race Cold War in the Skies U.S. relied on Airplanes to deliver their Bombs Soviets developed ICBMs or intercontinental ballistic missiles U.S. lagged behind the Soviets in missile technology Soviets launch Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit Earth Soviets also shot down a U-2 spy plane, which the U.S. thought couldn’t be done

The Space Race Soviet satellite October 1957 Americans fearful of Soviet superiority in space

Sputnik I (1957) The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!

Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate” (1959) Cold War ---> Tensions <--- Technology & Affluence

U-2 Spy Incident (1960) Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.