CHAPTER 9 SECTION 1 Washington Takes Office

Important Questions 1. How was the Government organized during Washington’s Presidency? 2. Why did the US face an economic crisis during the Washington presidency? 3. What were the three parts of Hamilton’s financial plan? 4. How did Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion?

The First President  April of Washington sworn into office Known as the Presidential Inauguration Inauguration- a ceremony in which the President takes the oath of office Washington’s actions would set a precedent- an example to be followed by others in the future Washington being sworn in Federal Hall in New York City,

Washington’s Precedents  Three important precedents set: 1. Set up executive depts. and court system 2. Washington (and congress/ supreme court) passed Bill of Rights 3. Set the standard for how long a president should serve and for how US should relate to other nations. 1. Two four year terms 2. Preached isolationism

Organizing the Executive Branch Formed in 1789, the Executive Branch would be split up in 3 parts  Each was to be headed by a secretary 1. Treasury- Alexander Hamilton 2. State- Thomas Jefferson 3. War- Henry Knox These positions are known as the President’s Cabinet : Group of top executive advisors aka his “posse”

Other Positions  There is another position within the Cabinet called “Attorney General” Advises the President on legal matters. Edmund Randolph 1 st Attorney General  Though not part of the executive branch, Washington chose John Jay to lead the Supreme Court as Chief Justice

Then and Now: Sec of Treasury Alexander HamiltonJack Lew

Then and Now: Sec of State  Thomas JeffersonJohn Kerry

Then and Now: Sec of War/ Defense  Henry Knox Ashton Carter

Then and Now: Attorney General  Edmund RandolphEric Holder

Establishing Judiciary  Judiciary Act of 1789 Provided for a Supreme Court of 6 justices Under the Supreme Court were 3 circuit courts and 13 district courts Washington appointed John Jay as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Modern day Chief Justice: John Roberts

Current Supreme Court  Nine members  Chief Justice: John Roberts  2 Obama appointees (Sotomayer/Kagan)

Bill of Rights  Bill of Rights was passed to limit the power of the federal government  Fear of strong government a strong tradition in English government (Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights) Therefore, Americans follow suit Interesting fact: The president had more power than did the king of England at the time. Ironically, English government had more checks and balances than did American government.

End of Day 1  Closure:  Write a left side reflection summarizing the three important precedents set by Washington.

9.1 DAY 2 – LESS MONEY MO PROBLEMS Do Now: Add to the web on the board, then write a paragraph answering: What was Washington’s most important precedent in your opinion?

Do Now: add to the web on the board  WASHINGTON’S PRECIDENTS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

National Debt Ticker  Debt Ticker Debt Ticker  What is happening? Why?  What is interest? Why does it keep growing?

The First Economic Crisis  Americans and Foreigners had bought war bonds.  War bonds are a way for the Government to generate money.  Bonds: certificate that promises to repay borrowed money in the future (with interest) People buy the bonds to give the government money immediately, and the government promises to pay it back with interest later on. Example: You buy a bond for $80, and the government repays you $100 after a period of 10 years.

War bonds

US debt in 1789 US owed 81 million Only had an income of 4 million

Hamilton’s Plan to get out of debt  Hamilton’s 3 part plan 1. Have the government assume all states’ debts PASSED Some southern states who already paid their debts opposed this 2. Creation of a Federal Bank and national currency PASSED Some thought this was unconstitutional and was a federal power grab 3. A tax on imported goods DID NOT PASS Southerners opposed it because it would help North’s industrial economy but not the South’s agrarian economy  Based on his plan, is Hamilton a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?  Video Video

Was Hamilton ever President?  NO!  But he is currently on the $10 bill.  He died in a duel against Aaron Burr in Weehawken, NJ in 1804.

Opposition to a National Bank  Jefferson opposed it, along with other Anti- Federalists Said it was “Unconstitutional”/ overreach of fed power  Interpretations of Constitution: Anti Federalists- Strict in their interpretation Want government power to be contained by this strict interpretation Federalists- Loose in their interpretation Looking to expand government power beyond what the constitution explicitly allows

Human Graph:  The creation of a Federal Bank was very controversial because there was nothing in the constitution which gave the executive branch this power. Should they have created the Federal Bank even though this power was not in the constitution?  Yes they should have, it was a stretch of constitution but it was practical  No they shouldn’t have, they should have followed the constitution strictly

Closure: Day 2  2 part leftside: 1. Make a Venn diagram showing the differences between federalists and anti federalists regarding Hamilton’s financial plan. 2. Answer the following in paragraph form: Why do you think Hamilton had such influence over Washington? Why will some criticize Hamilton’s financial plan? What is their fear?  Create a tweet based on one of these questions