A government of a two- house legislators

A government which citizens rule through elected representatives

Articles of Confederation  November 1777  First constitution  Provided for a new central government  States gave up little power to the central gov.  “league of friendship

A.O.C.  Consist of Congress; no judicial or executive branch  Congress: 1. Conduct foreign affairs 2. Maintain armed forces 3. Borrow money 4. Issue money

A.O.C. Congress  Each state had ONE vote regardless of size and population  All states had to approve the AOC to make any changes  Debate over new western land claims were a major problem  9 out 13 states had to agree to approve laws

The Ordinance of 1785  Ordinance means “law”  Divided northwest territory into townships and sections

 Divided area into 3-5 territories  Allowed territories to become equal states after they reach 60,00 population and create a state constitution  Included a bill of rights

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 Depreciate: To decrease in value  Continental dollar: worthless  Each state had own money  Who’s going to pay for the war debt?

Robert Morris’s Import Tax  Need to pay revolutionary soldiers, country’s debts, states debts.  Proposed 5% import tax on all goods  Failed!

 Refused to leave western forts  Kept Americans out of the foreign market place: trade  Wanted Americans to pay pre- war debts  Wanted Americans to pay loyalist like the treaty of Paris stated

 Closed the lower Mississippi river to trade for Americans  Angry with Americans moving further west. Feared they would trespass on their land  Created a border between Spain and Georgia

Roots of Constitution  British style of government  Parliament  English Bill of Rights

 Right to have a natural right to life, liberty and property  Agreement between people and government

Montesquieu  Government should be separated and balanced against each other.  Government should be limited.

Federal System  Federalism: sharing power between federal and state  Government has the power to: tax, regulate trade, raise an army, declare war and control currency.

The Constitution becomes the Supreme Law of the Land

The Legislative Branch  Bicameral  Congress: Senate and House of Representatives  Make and Pass laws of the land

Judicial Branch  Supreme Court  Federal Courts  Final Authority  Interpret the law

Executive Branch  President and his cabinet  To carry out the Law  Elected by the Electoral College

System of Checks and Balances  Executives checks the Judicial  Judicial checks the Legislative  Legislative checks the Executive

National Citizens  Citizens elect their representative  representative answer to the citizens