Hungry Cities of the Global South 9 February 2015, University of Cape Town, South Africa Inês Raimundo Ramos Muanamoha

2 “Let´s make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”, UN General Secretary, 2014

The city of Maputo

Maputo during rain season

The city characteristics The city is formed by 1,094,628 (2007) A population density of 3,531 Hab/Km2, and the country density is 27.5Hab/Km2 The city is getting poorer since according to the head count of the poverty incidence was 47.8% and in the year of reached 53.6% and UN- Habitat (2007) indicates that it has reached 70% 5 The situation of the suburbs Poor drainage system

6 Macaringue, 2012

Urban population growth by cities from 1980, 1997 to 2007 ProvinceCity NiassaLichinga39,00485,758142,331 Cabo DelgadoPemba41,16684,897138,716 Nampula 145,722303,346471,717 ZambeziaQuelimane60,151150,118193,343 Tete 45,119101,984155,870 SofalaBeira214,613397,360431,583 ManicaChimoio68,125171,056237,497 Inhambane 32,65452,37065,149 GazaXai-Xai43,79499,442115,752 MaputoMatola-424,662671,556 City of MaputoMaputo556,298996,8371,094,628

The Poverty Headcount results from the three set of IAF (National Survey of Households) Poverty Headcount Area (In %) (In %) (In %) Poverty gap from to (In %) Poverty gap from to (In %) National Urban Rural North Centre South Niassa Cabo Delgado Nampula Zambezia Tete Manica Sofala Inhambane Gaza Maputo province City of Maputo

The AFSUN survey Measurment of poverty based on: Household income – Mediam hh income is 3,000MZN – Household size 7 Food expenditure Lived Poverty Index Employment status of surveyed HH members N0.% Working full-time Working part- time/causal Working – status unknown Not working-looking for work Not working-not looking for work Total1,

Household income sources No of HH% of HH Employment Informal business Casual work Rental income279.6 Social grants/pensions276.8 Sale of rural farm products225.5 Sale of urban farm products Cash remittances215.3 Formal business153.6 Income from gifts30.8 Income from aid20.5

Household Food Sources % using source weekly % used source in previous week Supermarket83 informal market/street food9294 Small food outlet2240 Non-market sources Grow it1215 Share meals with other hh711 Borrow food88 Food provided by other hh36 Food remittances06 Food transfers from rural areas 0- Charitable sources Community food kitchen0<1 Food aid01

Maputo Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence Indicator (HIFAP) scores compared to other cities Food secure % Mildly food insecure % Moderately Food insecure % Severely food insecure % Harare Lusaka Maseru Maputo Manzini Msunduzi, SA Gaborone Cape Town Windhoek Blantyre JHB Region

Response to Food Insecurity In the last month, did you% Sometimes/often Worry that your hh would not have enough food?55.8 Not eat the kinds of foods you preferred because of a lack of resources? 62.2 Eat a limited variety of foods due to a lack of resources?58.5 Eat foods you did not want to because of a lack of resources to obtain other types of food? 51.6 Eat smaller meals than you needed because there was not enough food? 46.7 Eat fewer meals in a day because there was not enough food?45.0 Eat no food of any kind because of a lack of resources to obtain food? 20.9 Go to sleep hungry because there was not enough food?16.5 Go a whole day and night without eating anything?9.6

Food consumption change Highly processed food brought by Mukheristas (Cross border traders) - New diseases in poor areas (high blood pressure/stroke) Highly dependent on supermarkets and few hh consuming farm growth food Price determine consumption – – Bread – Meat Growth of fast food restaurants

Conclusion Ongoing urbanization and population growth are major challenges for Maputo. The majority of households live below the poverty line The primary source of livelihoods for the urban poor informal market/street food Non market sources they grow it or borrow from friends/relatives