December 12th Homework: SWBAT: Explain the difference between Quick Write: Take the worksheet at the front of the desk. Work on class work sheet Homework: complete the class work sheet on the Periodic Table Read pages 150-159 write Cornell Notes for pgs 135-149 if not complete SWBAT: Explain the difference between a row and a group in the Periodic table. define the word valence electrons. Describe each group.

Closure List the family names. Describe 5 characteristics you learned about the alkali elements. What do you find in the box of each element?

December 13th Homework: SWBAT: Explain the difference between Quick Write: Take out your Cornell Notes and the Chart from yesterday. Define valence electron. How is the periodic table organized? Homework: review your notes Both Periodic Table Worksheets must be complete by tomorrow (front and back) SWBAT: Explain the difference between a row and a group in the Periodic table. define the word valence electrons. Describe each group.

Each electron in an atom has its own distinct amount of energy. When electrons are in their lowest energy state, it is called the ground state The ground state for Na is 2-8-1

The Periodic Table

elements: Periodic Table are arranged in increasing atomic number. Placement or location of elements on the Periodic Table indicates the physical and chemical properties of that element. Number of protons in an atom (atomic number) identifies the element Atomic mass: found on the Periodic Table of the Elements

Classifying Elements Nonmetals on the right Metals on the left Metalloids or semimetals (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te), Noble gases Nonmetals on the right Metals on the left Metalloids semimetals

Group numbers and Family names What are the groups? The vertical columns Each column is numbered a Group Similar properties but not identical Ex: Group 1: Alkali Metals: Li, Na, K Soft, white shiny metals All have same number of valence electrons Valence electrons? The last shell of the atom and the number of electrons

Valence Electron

Periods Each row is a period Elements are not alike in the properties As you move from left to right the element goes from an extremely active solid to an inactive gas Why? How can you remember this?

Your quizzes will be returned this week!! : ) December 14th Your quizzes will be returned this week!! : ) Quick Write: Place your two Periodic Worksheets on your desk to be checked for completion. Exchange your questions with your partner. Write down their questions. Class Review What is an ion? Homework: study your periodic Worksheets quiz Friday, December 16th on characteristics of Chemical Families Test Wednesday, December 21st SWBAT: Identify unique characteristics of the Chemical Families. Differentiate between the traits of each Chemical Family.

Your quizzes will be returned this Friday!! : ) December 15th Molecular Forces Lab is a week late. Late labs will lose points / week! Your quizzes will be returned this Friday!! : ) Quick Write: Define ions and valence electrons. Homework: study your periodic Worksheets quiz Monday, December 19th on characteristics of Chemical Families Test Thursday, December 22nd SWBAT: Identify unique characteristics of the Chemical Families. Differentiate between the traits of each Chemical Family.

Alkali Metals Usage: Sodium: found in table salt Description: Most reactive metals always found as compounds in nature 1 valence electron, tend to lose 1 electron to form positive ions Family 1 Usage: Sodium: found in table salt Rubidium: found in space vehicle engines

Alkaline Earth Metals Description: Usage: Reactive metals always found as compounds in nature 2 valence electrons, lose 2 electron to form positive ions Family 2 Usage: Strontium (Sr): found in fireworks Radium (Ra): treatment of cancer Barium (Ba): used in glass making

Transition Elements Description: Usage: hard solids with high melting point Valence electrons of 1 or 2 and can lose electrons from the next energy level Families 3-12 Usage: Silver (Ag) , Gold (Au): Jewelry Nickel (Ni): coins Zinc (Zn); paint

Boron Family Description: Usage: have 3 valence electrons Boron is a metalloid Other elements below Boron are metals Family 13 Usage: Boron is used to make heat resistant glassware Aluminum is most abundant metal.

Carbon Family Description: 4 valence electrons Contains non-metal, metal and metalloids Family 14 Usage: Carbon is known as “the basis of life” Carbon is found in sugars, starches, fats and proteins

Nitrogen Family Description: 5 valence electrons Atoms share electrons with other atoms Family 15 Usages: Nitrogen: 78% of the air around us Arsenic in insecticides

Oxygen Description: Usages: 6 valence electrons Share electrons when bonding Family 16 Usages: Oxygen: most abundant element in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen: makes up the ozone layer

Halogens Description: 7 valence electrons Most reactive nonmetals React with Alkali metals easily Family 17 Usages: Chlorine makes table salt Fluoride is in toothpaste

Noble Gases Description: Have 8 valence electrons Do not form bonds with other atoms Called inert gases Family 18 Usages: Radon: cancer treatments Neon: produces red light in neon signs Helium fills balloons to float in air, why do they float?

Your quizzes will be returned this Friday!! : ) December 15th Molecular Forces Lab is a week late. Late labs will lose points / week! Your quizzes will be returned this Friday!! : ) Quick Write: Quiz your partner. Write down their questions and then answer them. SWBAT: Identify unique characteristics of the Chemical Families. Differentiate between the traits of each Chemical Family. Homework: study your periodic Worksheets quiz tomorrow on characteristics of Chemical Families Test Wednesday, December 21st

Alkali Metals Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

Alkaline Earth Metals Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

Transition Elements Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

Boron Family Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

Carbon Family Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

Nitrogen Family Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

Oxygen Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

Halogens Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

Noble Gases Usage: ____________________________________ Description: ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Usage: ____________________________________

always found as compounds in nature Group Family Name Description 1 Alkali Metals Very reactive metals always found as compounds in nature 1 valence electron, lose 1 electron to form +1 ions 2 Alkaline Earth Metals Reactive metals 2 valence electrons, lose 2 electron to form +2 ions 3-12 Transition elements an element in a transition hard solids with high melting point half filled orbitals less reactive than Group 1 & 2 17 Halogens Reactive nonmetals 7 valence electrons gain 1 electron to form –1 ions 18 Noble Gases Not reactive, do not form ions Filled, stable valence shell (8 electrons except He which has 2)

Group Family Name Description 13 14 15 16 Rare Earth Metals

What is an ion?

Description of the Periodic Table Metalloids/Semimetals: on the zigzag separates metals from nonmetals Examples: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At Nonmetals: gases, liquids or crystalline solids Examples: C, N, O, F, P, Br, gain electrons to become – ion poor conductors of heat and electricity Other metals: metals good conductors of heat and electricity luster and shine, malleable (can change shape) Examples:Zn, Hg, Sn, Bi, Po

Comparing the physical properties of metals and nonmetals Silvery gray color except copper and gold Solid at room temperature except mercury Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable – can be hammered into shapes (thin sheets) Ductile – can be pulled into wires Many different colors Sulfur – yellow Chlorine – green Bromine – orange Iodine - purple Many different states (phases) H, N, O – gas Br – liquid S, C, I – solid Poor conductors of heat and electricity (except carbon) Brittle – breaks when hit

Find the name of each symbol Group 1 Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Group 2 Alkaline earth metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Other metals: Z n, Hg, Sn, Bi, Po Semimetals: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At Nonmetals: C, N, O, F, P, Br Group 18 Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

wednesday, November 16th Quick Write! Homework: SWBAT: Quiz! describe the following and provide examples: Chemical formula Chemical equation describe the parts of an atom and draw an image label the subatomic particles compare and contrast between compounds and elements Homework: read workbook pgs 15-23 complete all pages due Friday! find 10 chemical elements that can be found in your house by Friday Test Tuesday 11/22

An atom Basic unit of matter, “unable to be cut” An Element Pure substance entirely of one atom

What are the Subatomic Particles? Proton Neutron Electron

The Atom Cloud of negative Electrons charge (2 electrons) Nucleus (a) (b) Cloud of negative charge (2 electrons) Electrons

Who is Neils Bohr? He proposed a theory: an atom is composed of a dense nucleus with electrons in its surrounding orbit electrons must have a certain amount of energy to orbit the nucleus. Electrons have a more fixed manner around the nucleus.

Modern Atom Model Electrons: Electron cloud model Protons Have a positive charge have a mass of 1.67 x 10-24 g Atomic number: number of protons Electrons: Have a negative charge If the atom has no charge there are the same number of electrons to protons Mass number: sum of the protons and neutrons together

THursday, November 17th Quick Write! Homework: SWBAT: Take out your sheet from yesterday. SWBAT: describe the following and provide examples: Chemical formula Chemical equation describe the parts of an atom and draw an image label the subatomic particles compare and contrast between compounds and elements Calculate the number of neutrons, protons and electrons Homework: read textbook pgs. 99 -104 see website for details read workbook pgs 15-23 complete all pages due Friday! find 10 chemical elements that can be found in your house by Friday Test Tuesday 11/22

Friday, November 18th Quick Write! Homework: SWBAT: Take out your sheet from yesterday. Answer the Quick Write Questions SWBAT: describe the following and provide examples: Chemical formula Chemical equation describe the parts of an atom and draw an image label the subatomic particles compare and contrast between compounds and molecules Calculate the number of atoms found in each chemical formula Homework: Test Tuesday 11/22 Read pgs. 120- 126 practice note taking as you did last night

Quick Write 1. List the subatomic particles. Proton Neutron Electron 2. Where are each of the particles found and what is their charge? Proton : + charge , found in nucleus Neutron: no charge, found in nucleus Electron: - charge, found outside of the nucleus

3. Identify one difference between a molecule and a compound. Molecules are made of atoms, and compounds are made up of molecules, Label the molecule and the compound: ______________C2H4O2 ______________H2O

4. What does a chemical formula tell you? A chemical formula tells you the elements and number of atoms that are needed to make the molecule or compound. 5. What does a chemical equation tell you? A chemical equation tells you the types of molecules and or compounds that are needed to complete a chemical reaction to form products.

6. What is a subscript? They are found to the lower right of each element’s symbol. Provides you the number of atoms of the element in the compound or molecule. 7. What does the coefficient tell you? Tells you the number of molecules and atoms found in each chemical equation

Now let’s have some practice!

Monday, November 21st Quick Write! Homework: SWBAT: Place your homework on your desk. Complete last week’s worksheet SWBAT: identify the Atomic Mass and Atomic Number. compare a solution to a compound. compare a heterogeneous mixture to a homogeneous mixture. Homework: Study for Test see website for details.

Atomic Structure 15 7N Mass Number = protons + neutrons How can you identify it? It is the larger number. It is the mass of the nucleus. Why? Because it contains the protons + neutrons. Atomic number = number of protons Smaller number When an atom has no charge, the protons and electrons are equal in number! Used to identify the element

The Atom Atomic Number Symbol Name Mass Number protons electrons Atomic number equals the number of ____________ or ________________. Mass Number equals the number of ______________ + _______________. protons neutrons

II. Periodic Table

closure Answer the following: 1. What is the difference between a heterogeneous and homogeneous mixture? The heterogeneous mixture will separate upon standing, you can still see the individual particles and it is not uniform throughout. A homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout, will not separate upon standing and you cannot see individual particles. 2. What is the difference between a compound and a solution? A compound must be separated by chemical means and a solution can be separated by physical means.

Solving for the number of neutrons Number of neutrons = mass # - atomic # Question: If the mass number is 15, there is no charge on the atom and the atomic number is 7. How many electrons and neutrons do you have?

Assignment: Finish the rest of the worksheet and turn it in to your teacher.

Wednesday, November 23rd Quick Write! Homework: SWBAT: Atom video identify the Atomic Mass and Atomic Number. Review of the atom and elements Homework: Enjoy Turkey Day!!!

Name__________________________ Date ______________ Atom Activity

What is an atom? Describe the subparts of the atom: Draw and label an atom

Compare and Contrast between a compound and molecule

Explain and provide 3 examples for each Chemical formulas Chemical equations

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Element Atomic # Atomic Mass Mass Number Protons Neutrons Electrons 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

All elements are solid at room temperature except for the following: Liquids Mercury (Hg) - the only liquid metal at room temperature Bromine (Br) - the only liquid nonmetal at room temperature Gases Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Fluorine (F) Chlorine (Cl) All of group 18 (noble gases) Helium (He), Neon (Ne) Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn)