Step 1 Learn real conditionals from text sentences including if in the first seventeen lines

1. If I don’t finish my project on the history of the Internet for next Monday’s lesson, the science teacher will be angry. 2. If it’s good, Dad, Mum and I will probably go camping. 3. We won’t go if it rains. 4. If I stay home, I’ll help you with your project if you like. 5. If you tell me some titles, I’ll look for them in the library. 6. If you go to the Science Museum website, you’ll find lots of good information. structure If + 一般现在时, will/won’t …do

If you want knowledge, you must work hard for it. to talk about situations that may happen in the future( 将来可能发生的事 ) 1. Real conditionals ( 真实条件句 ) If + 一般现在时, will/can/must +do … If you lie down with dogs ， you will get up with fleas. If you think you can do it, you can. ( 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 。 )

Ex.6 : 2 ， 3 ， 7, 8 2. (You go) out with me on Saturday night if you (finish) the project? Will you go out with me on Saturday night if you finish the project? 3. If you (go) to that website, you (find) some interesting information. If you go to that website, you’ll find some interesting information.

7. What (you do) if the weather (not be) good tomorrow? What will you do if the weather isn’t good tomorrow? 8. My sister (not go) to London if she (not pass) her exams. My sister won’t go to London if she doesn’t pass her exams.

Complete the sentences: 1.He’ll be punished( 惩罚 ), if … 2. If you are confident, … 3. Will I get the score, if…? 4. What can I do, if…?

Step2 Learn unreal conditionals through a poem If I Could Catch A Rainbow by Sandra Lewis Pringle

体验宁静的空间 独处的地方 If I could catch a rainbow I would do it just for you And share with its beauty On the days you’re feeling blue. If I could build a mountain You could call your very own A place to find serenity A place to be alone. If I could take your troubles I would toss them into the sea But all these things I’m finding Are impossible for me. I cannot build a mountain Or catch a rainbow fair But let me be what I know best A friend that’s always there. 就让我做你最好的朋友 永远与你相伴 如果我能留住彩虹 我将只为你一个人挽留 在你感到忧伤的日子 与你分享它的美丽 如果我能建造大山 你尽可把它当成你自己的 如果我能带走你的烦恼 我会把它们通通扔进大海 然而我发现所有这些事情 我都无能为力 我建不成一座大山 也留不住彩虹的美丽

If I could catch a rainbow, I would do it just for you. If dogs had wings, they would/could be able to fly. If + 一般过去时, would/wouldn’t/could/+do … If I were a student, I wouldn’t let my teacher down. 2. Unreal conditionals ( 非真实 / 虚拟条件句 ) to talk about something that is impossible now or in the future.( 现在或未来不可能发生的事情, 即对现在 或未来的虚拟。 ) (be 动词用 were)

If we had virtual reality holidays, we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather. We wouldn’t have to spend a long time travelling on planes to get to our holiday destinations. If they invented virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the-world tour. What would you like to do if someone gave you the chance? You would be able to study in such a world- famous university without going out of your room! Unreal conditionals in the text

1. If I had the money, I would buy a new IBM computer. a) a student b) a millionaire 2. If I felt ill, I would stop smoking. a) a smoker b) a non-smoker 3. If I were a teacher, I would be popular with my students. a) a teacher b) a journalist a) a student b) a journalist b) a non-smoker Who would say these things, a or b? (Ex.8)

if 引导的条件句 类型 if 从句主句用法 Real conditionals Unreal conditionals (If) 一般现在时 will/can/must +do… 将来可能 发生的事 (If) 一般过去时 (be 动词用 were) would/wouldn’t/ could +do… 现在或未来 不可能发生 的事 Step 3 Summary

1. 英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语 气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事 实，或者是不可能发生的情况， 而是一种愿望，建议，假设的 语气叫虚拟语气。

虚拟语气可分为三种： （ 1 ）一般虚拟 （ 2 ）混合虚拟 （ 3 ）特殊句式 一．一般虚拟的构成： ( 省略 if, 要将 should /were /had 提到句首 ) (1). 对现在的虚拟： If +S.+ did/were sth., S.+ would/could/should +do If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.

(2) 对过去的虚拟： If + S. + had done, S + would/should/could have done sth. 你要是早听我的话，你就不会考不及格了。 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 昨天我要是来这的话，我就会告诉你答案了。 If I had been here yesterday, I would have told you the answers.

(3) 对将来的虚拟： If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day.

一、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 虚拟条件句主句例句 与现 在事 实相 反 动词过去式 （ be 都用 were ） should/would /could/might+ 动词原形 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. 与过 去事 实相 反 had+ 过去分词 should/would /could/might+ have+ 过去分 词 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 与将 来事 实相 反 动词过去式 should+ 动词原形 were to+ 动词原 形 should/would /could/might+ 动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.

二． 混合虚拟： (1) 不同时间的虚拟： If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. (2) 虚拟与陈述的混合： He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.

1. 省略 if 的虚拟倒装句（ were,had,should) e.g. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. =Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 2. 错综时间条件句 ( 时间不一致） e.g. If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 3. 含蓄条件句（ with; without; but for, otherwise) e.g. What would you do with a million dollars?(=if you had a million dollars) 注意事项：

二、名词性从句： 1. 宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持： insist 两个命令： order, command 三个建议： advise, suggest, propose 四个要求： demand, require, request, desire 宾语从句中的动词 使用 should + V ，或者将 should 省略。

1. 我们建议 Tom 应该要休息 (suggest) We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest. 2. 小男孩请求要回自己的书 (request). The little boy requested that he (should) get his book back.

2. 主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。 常见名词： order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire It is suggested that he should there at once My suggestion is that he should there at once I made a suggestion that he should there at once. 从句中的动词 使用 should + V ，或者将 should 省略 This is the suggestion that/which he made at the meeting.

二、虚拟语气特殊句型： 1. wish + 宾语 从句 现在： 过去： 未来： 过去时 (did/were) 过去完成时 (had done) would/could/might+V. should 2. would rather that -- 现在： 过去： 未来： 过去时 过去完成时

3. as if /though + 从句 好像, 好似 … 现在： 过去： 过去时 过去完成时 4.It’s (about/high) time +that – 该是 … 的时候了 should +V. 过去时 5. If only … 倘若 … 就好了 现在： 过去： 未来： 过去时 过去完成时 could +V. 6. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that --- (should)+ 动词原形

1. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ________ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 2. Without electricity human life ________ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 3. If he had not gone out in the storm, he ________ alive now. A will be B. would be C. would have been D. is

4. If only I ________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 5. But for the party, he ________ of hunger fifteen years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die 6. I would have come earlier, but I ________ that you were waiting for me. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known

7. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ________ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 8. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he ________ an Englishman. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 9. We ________ our lives had it not been for the policeman. A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. had lost

2.The earth is getting warmer. If it ______(keep) on getting warmer, the iceberg in Arctic ________ (melt) in the future. If all the iceberg ________(melt), the sea level ________(go) up and _____ (flood) the land. will melt melted would go flood keeps 1.Harry Potter. If I _____(be) you, I ________ (beg) for mercy( 宽恕 ). I have mastered the most powerful spell( 咒语 ). If I _____(cast) that spell on you, you ____________(disappear). were would beg cast will disappear