2. 虚拟语气 Subjunctive mood Unreal conditionals

3. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种 愿望、假设、猜测、建议等， 而不表示客观存在的事实。 它是通过谓语动词的特殊形 式来表示的。

4. 一 IF Sentence Structure ‘ IF ’ 虚拟条件句的结构 IF 虚拟条件句分为三类. a. 表示与现在事实相反 的假设. b. 表示与过去事实相反 的假设. c. 表示与将来事实相反 的假设.

5. Conclusion 条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 现在 过去 未来 过去时（ were ） 过去完成时 would/could/should /might +V. （原） would/could/should/ might+have+p.p. 1. 过去时 2.should+V. 3. were to do would/could/should/ might +V. （原）

6. 如果我在美国结婚，我会期待一份礼物。 If I got married in the USA, I would expect a present. 如果我再高一点，我就能够到那本书了。 I could reach the book if I were a bit taller. 如果他有机会，他可能想成为一个翻译。 If he had the chance, he might want to be a translator. If … were / did …, would / could / might do..

7. What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would…

8. If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.

9. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.

10. If it were fine now, I would go shopping.

11. Translation: 1 如果我是你，我就告诉他真相。 If I were you, I would tell him the truth. 2 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都会很顺利的. If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 3 如果你快点， 你会赶上早班车的。 If you hurried you would catch the bus.

12. 如果他在这儿，可能就已经做完了。 If he were here, it could be done. 如果有人把我放了，我会让他非常富有。 If someone set me free, I would make him rich.

13. 如果我明天有时间，我肯定会帮你的。 If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. 如果我数学考试不及格，我将不得不在学期末在考一次。 If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term. 如果他明天来的话，我会跟他谈谈它。 If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it. If … did/ were to / should do…, … would / could / might do … 与将来的事实相反

14. If he got up early tomorrow, he would be on time

15. If he were to come, what should we say to him ? If he should see me, he would know me. If we climbed to the top of the mountain, could we get a good view? 假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？ 假如他看见我， 就会认识我。 假如我们爬到山顶，我们是不是能够看到好 风景呢？

16. 1. If there____________ (be) no natural resource in the future any more, we ________________ (make) use of nuclear power. 2. What _________________(happen) if you _________________ (get up) too late tomorrow? 3 If Robots _________________(control) the world some day, there __________________ (be) no friendship. should be would make would happen got up were to control would be

17. 如果我昨天有时间，我就应该来看过你的。 If I had had time last night, I would have come to see you. 如果他接受了好的教育，他绝不会向那样行事的。 He would never have behaved like that if he had received a good education. 如果我的表没有停的话，我是能够准时到的。 If my watch had not stopped, I could have been on time. 如果你再仔细些，这个错误是可以避免的。 If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided. 与过去的事实相反 If … had done / been …, …would / could / might have done …

18. Which of the conditional sentences is correct in each context? 1. A storm broke out and the boat sank. a) If the storm hadn’t broken out, the boat wouldn’t have sunk. b) If the storm had broken out, the boat would have sunk.

19. 2. The weather was good so we went out. a) If the weather hadn’t been good, we wouldn’t have gone out. b) If the weather was good, we would go out.

20. Complete the Third Conditional sentences by putting the verbs in brackets in the correct forms. 1.If the exam ___________ (not be) so difficult, I _________________(pass). hadn’t been would have passed

21. 2. If he _________ (put on) a tie, they ________________ (allow) him to enter the restaurant. had put on would have allowed 3. If he ________________ (not apologize), I _________________ (not give) him a birthday present. hadn’t apologized wouldn’t have given

22. 4. If they ____________ (not argue), they ______________ (spend) the weekend together. 5. If he _______ (not be) sick, he _________ (join) us for the tour. 6. If it ____________ (not rain), we ______________ (go) to the beach. hadn’t argued would have spent were not would join hadn’t rained would have gone

23. 1. If Tom ______________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ______________ (pass) it already. 2. If you ________________(get) up earlier, you __________________ (catch) the first train. 3. If I ______________ (meet) you yesterday, we _____________ (go) to the concert together. had been would have passed had got might have caught had met c ould have gone Fill in the blanks.

24. Translation : 1 如果你再早一点来的话，你就可以见到她了。 If you had come here earlier, you could have met her. 2 如果昨晚他们在这儿， 就不会发生这种事。 If they had been here last night, it wouldn’t have happened. 如果我学习认真一点， 我不可能这次不及格。 I wouldn’t have failed in the exam, if I had worked harder.

25. 错综时间条件句

26. 如果你昨天接受了我的建议，你现在就 会好一些。 If you had followed my advice yesterday, you would be better now. 当 从句与主句的动作发生的时间不一致时, 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出 相应的变化. 错综时间条件句

27. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing even better. He might be praised now, if he had made rapid progress. If you had warned me yesterday, I might not be late today.

28. 1.If you ___ ________________(study hard) before, you_______________(be) a college student now. 2. If you ________________(do) it yesterday. you ________________(be) free now. and you________________ （ go) home tomorrow. had studied hard would be had done would be would go

29. Should you make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed. Had you told me earlier, I would not have this problem now. Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner. If you should make …, you should … If you had told me…, I would not … If you were to take …, you would be …

30. If I got married in the USA, I would expect a present. I could reach the book if I were a bit taller. If he had the chance, he might want to be a translator. If I were a bird, I would fly around the world. Were I a bird, I would …

31. . If my watch had not stopped, I could have been on time. He would never have behaved like that if he had received a good education. If I had had time last night, I should have come to see you.

32. 与将来的事实相反 If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term. If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.

33. 点击高考.1 If he ___ in a day or two, I would wait for him. A. returns B. should have returned C. were to return D. had returned

34. 2 You didn’t let me drive. If we __ in turn, you ___ so tired. ( 全国 ) A. drove, didn’t get B. drove, wouldn’t get C. were driving, wouldn’t get D. had driven, wouldn’t have got 3. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___, she would have met my brother. ( 全国 ) A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

35. （ 4 _____ for the doctor’s careful treatment, he ________till last year. A. If it is not, can’t live B. Were it not, couldn’t live C. Had it not been, couldn’t have lived D. If they were not, couldn’t live

36. 5. What would have happened, ___, as far as the riverbank? ( 上海 ) A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 6. ___ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ( 上 海） A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

37. 7 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ___ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall

38. 8. How I wish every family ___ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

39. 注意 ： suggest 只有作 “ 建议 ” 时，从句中用虚 拟，若表示 “ 表明、暗示 ” 时，不用虚拟。 10 Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___ ill, and her parents suggested that she ___ a medical examination. ( 上海） A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has

40. 11 The bus driver insisted that he ___ at normal speed and therefore ___ for the child’s death. A. drive, not answer B. was driving, shouldn’t answer C. should drive, shouldn’t have answered D. drove, shouldn’t answer （ answer for 负责，保证） 注意： insist 只有作 “ 坚决要求 ” 时，才用虚拟，若表示 “ 坚 持说，坚持认为 ” 时，不用虚拟。