Was Balliol a bad king? Copy key timeline 1291 Chosen as king 1292 Edward in control? Burgess of Berwick case 1293 Edward in control? Macduff case 1294 Edward’s war with France 1295 Scots Guardians of the realm appointed 1296 Treaty with France against England 1296 Edward’s invasion of Scotland: Berwick, Dunbar 1296 July defeat = Toom Tabard, Ragmans roll

Model answer Q4 p. 8 One reason the source gives for increased tensions is ‘the good people who sent us here’. This refers to the Community of Scotland who are tense because they are looking for a king and want English help to choose one, but not an English takeover. A second reason for tension is shown when the source says ‘we do not believe you would ask such an important Q’ This suggests that the Scots aren’t happy with what Edward is asking- namely that they submit to him and do homage. A third reason noted is the demand for homage. This caused tension as it would mean that Scotland was under the control of England A fourth reason noted is when they say that they ‘know nothing of this right’ which means that the Scots plan to ignore the request. They knew that this could potentially lead to war and so it increased the tension.

The source doesn’t mention the background that led up to this. It doesn’t explain how England had previously tried to take over Scotland for example in the Treaty of Falaise. It doesn’t explain the tension caused by York demands to control the Scottish Church. One of the Guardians was Bishop Wishart It doesn’t explain the tension caused by the Treaty of Birgham. In this marriage treaty it was implied that England would control Scotland, and England did actually take over the Isle of Man as part of this. It doesn’t mention other things going on at Norham. For example Edward had demanded that the Scots come to him rather than visiting them. He also threatened them with the large English army and navy. Overall I think this does fully answer the question as it deals with the key issue of homage.

What makes a good / bad king? Bad King John of England according to Disney Wealth: burghs doing well trading eg Berwick, Aberdeen, Glasgow Happiness? Barrow “a golden age” Land controlled? Orkney, Man, Hebrides Strong ruler? Alexander III Military victories? Defeated Norway at Largs Heir? No... Make a list of what makes a bad king. Does Balliol fit these? Or did he have an impossible task?

What makes a good / bad king? Bad King John of England according to Disney Wealth: Happiness? Land controlled? Strong ruler? Military victories? Heir? Does John fit these? Or did he have an impossible task?

Did John have a difficult task? Previous Kings had given homage to England eg William the Lion Inexperienced 6 years without a king Edward very strong Rebellions in Western Isles Near civil war: Bruce v Comyn v him

Did John have a difficult task? Previous Kings had given homage to England eg: Inexperienced because... 6 years.... Edward very strong because... Rebellions in... Near civil war:...

Was Edward Scotland’s overlord? Remember: in feudalism an overlord gives land & protection in return for homage and knights

Was Edward Scotland’s overlord? Burgess of Berwick case – A townsman of Berwick complained – Local court decided against him – He appealed again – Guardians decided against him – He appealed again King John decided his complaint not valid So the burgess appealed to Edward This only possible if Edward was overlord (otherwise the only next person up would be God!) Edward overturned John’s decision John complained... Against Birgham Edward said Birgham Treaty didn’t exist because there was no marriage

Was Edward Scotland’s overlord? Burgess of Berwick case King John decided his complaint... So the burgess... This only possible if Edward was... Edward... John complained... Against Birgham Edward said Birgham Treaty didn’t exist because there was no marriage

Balliol does homage to Edward in front of English nobles

Was Edward Scotland’s overlord? Macduff case – Macduff had lost his lands – Appealed to John, who arrested him – Appealed to Edward Edward ordered John to Westminster 1293 = humiliation In both cases John forced to accept because too weak to fight back

Was Edward Scotland’s overlord? Macduff case – Macduff had... – Appealed... – Appealed again to... Edward ordered... =.... forced to accept because too weak to fight back

Was Edward Scotland’s overlord? Also forced Balliol to have: – English chancellor – And English style government ‘treasurer’ in charge of ££

Did war with France show Balliol’s weakness? England and France were fighting Feudal overlords could call up their nobles to fight for them Edward called John to London with 10 earls, 16 barons and their knights This showed him treating Balliol as his subject Only 2 nd time asked But John refused (shows John stronger) OR nobles refused (shows John weak) Asked for alliance with France (auld alliance)

Did war with France show Balliol’s weakness? England and France... Feudal overlords could... Edward called John to London with 10 ____ 16 ____and... This showed him.... Only 2 nd time asked But John refused (shows... OR nobles refused (shows... Asked for alliance with...

Did war with England show Balliol’s weakness? At first Balliol ok because Edward busy (Wales, France) March 1296 Edward destroys Berwick Later 1296Edward destroys Dunbar = disaster: 130 Scots nobles killed or captured Most castles surrender fast (Edinburgh, Jedburgh) August 1600 nobles sign ‘Ragman’s roll’ Including Bruce

Did war with England show Balliol’s weakness? At first Balliol ok because... March 1296 Edward destroys... Later 1296Edward destroys... = disaster: ____ Scots nobles killed or captured Most castles surrender fast eg August 1600 nobles sign ‘... Including...

Did ‘Toom Tabard’ show Balliol’s weakness? July Balliol forced to stop French treaty Apologises to Edward Lost his throne And Stone of Scone Publically stripped

Did ‘Toom Tabard’ show Balliol’s weakness? July Balliol forced... Apologises to... Lost his... And.... Publically mes_king/ mes_king/

History of Scotland? 1296 invasion by 30,000 7,500 Berwick dead 60 years of peace Alexander II Alex III married Margaret of Eng, Ed’s sister- died + 3 kids Balliol figurehead, Guardians ran Scotland 1295 Balliol put in Tower of London 1296 – France Guardians = 12 people to rule Scotland

Fact flop: Alexander to Balliol 1.Ragman’s roll invasion 3.30, ,500 dead 5.Alexander II 6.Margaret of Eng, Ed’s sister 7.Balliol 8.Guardians 9.Tower of London Phillip IV 11.Macduff 12.Burgess 13.William the Lion 14 Toom tabard 15 Scone 16 Dunbar

Debate: Was Balliol a bad king? 1.Cut up your sort cards 2.Select statements of opinion 3.Match up examples / facts that prove the statements 4.Stick them in under BAD KINGNOT BAD 5.Add an explanation 6.Debate... Say anything... = 1 point eg... Yes he was bad at fighting Back it up with example = 1 pointeg... Battle of Dunbar Explain = 1 pointThis was bad because... Disagree with other side = 1 pointThe other side are wrong because they said... But actually...

Quiz Quiz Swap Was Balliol a bad king? 1.Make your own cards –x 3 questions & answers 2.Then quiz each other Eg What was homage?= swearing to follow overlord in battle in return for land and protection Eg Who was Bishop Wishart?= bishop of Glasgow, Guardian