Instrument of the Day Journal Entry #3 Describe what you see and what you think this particular instrument is used for

Take A Musical Safari To Africa

Characteristics of Africa 2 nd largest continent with a population of approximately 700 million people Geography – deserts (Sahara), rain forest jungles, mountains, rivers & lakes, & the Great Rift ValleyGeography Mostly tropical climate Animals – elephants, gorillas, chimpanzees, monkeys, crocodiles, rhinoceroses, giraffes, and lionsAnimals Over 800 languages and cultures

African Music Call & Response – generation to generation Alternates between a soloist and a group Call (leader) changes and the response (group) remains the same

Purpose of Music Recreation - singing, dancing, drumming, and concerts Rituals & Ceremonies – celebrating Occupational - work songs, preparing food

Social - child care, story telling, social games, and parties Language - drumming and signaling are used to send messages

Gives birth to many forms of music Jazz & Rock African Musical style and practice Taught and learned orally Sing & play together easily (teamwork) - rhythmic singing & clapping children’s games Most common form - call & response

Texture is complementary - many rhythms occurring at the same time Syncopation – off-beat phrasing Music is part of most activities - music and movement are linked to each other Buzzy tone quality

African Instruments Classified into these categories - Aerophones (Blow into instrument) - Idiophones (main parts vibrate) - Membranophones (membrane vibrates) - Chordophones (Strings vibrate)

Aerophones Musical instruments which produce their sound by using air as the principal vibrating factor: air may be unconfined by the instrument or enclosed within a tube Flute, Horn Trumpet, Pan Pipes, Side Blow Horn, Whistles Flute, Horn Trumpet, Pan Pipes, Side Blow Horn, Whistles

Idiophones Musical instruments which produce sound from their own substance: can be struck, plucked, blown, or vibrated by friction Rattles, Bells, Sistram, Thumb Piano, XylophoneRattles, Bells, Sistram, Thumb Piano, Xylophone

Membranophones Musical instruments which produce sound from tightly stretched membranes, either struck or 'singing' Drums and Tamborine

Chordophones Musical instruments which produce sound by means of strings stretched from one point to another Berimbau ent&rls=GGLD,GGLD: ,GGLD:en&q=berimbau&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wv# Harps &q=african+harp&ei=fboMSJSj L5O-rQKrqcC1BA

Lute &q=Lute&ei=HLwMSPnVIYjiqALbh4mrBA Lyre &q=+Lyre+instrument&ei=0LsMSKfSI4eIrgKF2vy3 BA

Internet Links for Musical Instruments Audible Artworks UDU Gallery New world African Instruments

African National Anthem N’kosi sikelel’i Africa In 1897, Enoch Mankayi Sontonga wrote the following hymn, “N’kosi sikelel’I Africa.” It was originally performed at public meetings in South Africa. Today, it is sung in many languages and dialects throughout Africa.

 Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Maluphakanyisw'upho ndo Iwayo Yizwa imithandazo yethu Nkosi sikelela, Nkosi sikelela Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Maluphakanyisw'upho ndo Iwayo Yizwa imithandazo yethu Nkosi sikelela, Thina lusapho Iwayo Woza moya Woza moya woza Woza moya Woza moya woza Woza moya oyingewele Nkosi sikelela Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso Ofedise dintwa le matshwenyeho O se boloke O se boloke morena Setjhaba sa heso Setjhaba sa Afrika Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Maluphakanyisw'uphondo Iwayo Yizwa imithandazo yethu Nkosi sikelela, Nkosi Sikelel'i Afrika

  God Bless Africa   kosi.html#english1 kosi.html#english1   Original Lovedale English Translation   Lord, bless Africa; May her horn rise high up; Hear Thou our prayers And bless us.   Chorus Descend, O Spirit, Descend, O Holy Spirit.   Bless our chiefs May they remember their Creator. Fear Him and revere Him, That He may bless them.   Bless the public men, Bless also the youth That they may carry the land with patience and that Thou mayst bless them. Bless the wives And also all young women; Lift up all the young girls And bless them. Bless the ministers of all the churches of this land; Endue them with Thy Spirit And bless them. Bless agriculture and stock raising Banish all famine and diseases; Fill the land with good health And bless it. Bless our efforts of union and self-uplift, Of education and mutual understanding And bless them. Lord, bless Africa Blot out all its wickedness And its transgressions and sins, And bless it.

African Drums Widely Used in African Music -Communication & Celebration Language of the drum takes years of practice Master Drummer holds the most honored position in African societies

Bata Drum Nigeria Two headed drum played with both hands or struck with a flexible piece of leather Part of the religious life of some of the Yoruba peopleYoruba people

Syncopation Type of rhythm in which stressed sounds occur between beats instead of on beats. Example:

Messages in Sound Master Drummer - Children begin studying to become master drummers at a very early age. Has the highest position in African societies African Proverb - Wise sayings passed down from generation to generation. Important in many parts of Africa Griot - Talking regional newspaper. Wandering musician/storyteller responsible for passing along news about what has happened in the community.

Harmony Two or more pitches sounding at the same time

African Art & Culture Museum of African Art

Resources

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Clip Art Resources Print Artist kambala.htm