1. AOS 4: Koko – ‘Yiri’ Sub-Saharan African music
From Burkina Faso (Western African musical traditions)

2. What is Sub-Saharan African music like?
Instrumental music
Is it different to Western music?
What is its importance?
Instruments
What is Sub-Saharan African music like?
Choral
Drumming
What occasions is it used for?
Who participates?
What is it combined with?

3. What is its importance? Communication Social gatherings Feelings
Emotions

4. Who participates? Everybody Unites people Part of everyday life
Regardless of ability

5. What is it combined with?
Costumes
Movement
Body painting
Masks
What is it combined with?
Mime
Stories
Speech

6. What occasions is it used for?
Harvest
Weddings
What occasions is it used for?
Birthdays
Funerals

7. Do you think it is appreciated in the same way?
Do you think music has the same role and importance throughout the world?
Do you think it is appreciated in the same way?

8. Drumming Certain rhythms mean certain things Communication
Oral tradition – no traditional notation
Varies from region to region
Will increase in tension
Signal
Solo
Improvisation
Master drummer

9. Choral Music = link to spirit world Call and response
Short, simple melodies
Improvisation
Harmony varies from region to region
Overlapping textures
Tone languages – Pitch determines the meaning of words

10. Instrumental Membranophones Idiophones Aerophones Chordophones
Body percussion
Vocables
Interlocks and overlaps

11. Common features of Sub-Saharan African music
Repetition/Cyclic patterns
Improvisation
Polyrhythm
Call & Response
Cyclic structure
Intertwining melodies
Polyphonic texture
Singing in harmony
Cross rhythms

12. Instruments Talking drum/Donno Djembe Dundun
Shaker/beaded shekere/cabasa
Ocarina
Kora
Balaphone

13. Instruments in ‘Yiri’ Vocals Djembe Donno Dundun Maracas/shakers
Balaphone
Flute
Kora
Tam-tam (gong)

14. Questions Which instruments are used in ‘Yiri’?
What are the 3 main strands in the piece?
How does the piece start?
Identify a place where heterophonic texture is used. What is this?
What persists throughout the whole piece?
Describe the dynamics.
Where are triplets used?
How would you describe the texture when all the parts are playing/singing?
How is variety achieved in this piece?
How does the piece end?