Chapter 1 Table of Contents Section 1 Science and Scientists Science in Our World Table of Contents Section 1 Science and Scientists Section 2 Scientific Methods Section 3 Scientific Models Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Start with a Question Section 1 Science and Scientists Start with a Question What Is Science? Science is the knowledge gained by observing the natural world. Asking questions can help you gather knowledge. In Your Own Neighborhood What questions can you ask about your surroundings? The World and Beyond What questions can you ask about deserts, forests, or beaches? What type of plants and animals live in each of these places? Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Investigation: The Search for Answers Chapter 1 Section 1 Science and Scientists Investigation: The Search for Answers Research Look up information in textbooks, encyclopedias, and magazines. Search the Internet. Observation Take a look around to find answers to your question. Watch your subject. Experimentation Try an experiment to learn the answers to your question. Test your hypothesis. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Why Ask Questions? Section 1 Science and Scientists Why Ask Questions? Fighting Diseases Science has led to many life-saving discoveries, such as the vaccination for polio. Answering Society’s Questions Science develops different technologies to address our problems, such as reducing the threat of a polluted environment. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Why Ask Questions?, continued Chapter 1 Section 1 Science and Scientists Why Ask Questions?, continued Saving Resources Science has helped us make our natural resources last longer and to plan ahead so that resources are not used up.

Scientists All Around You Chapter 1 Section 1 Science and Scientists Scientists All Around You Geochemist A person who specializes in the chemistry of rocks, minerals, and soil. Mechanic A person who uses science to solve problems with machines. Oceanographer A person who studies the ocean, including waves, currents, plants, animals, and the ocean floor. Zoologist A person who studies the lives and needs of animals. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

What Are Scientific Methods? Chapter 1 Section 2 Scientific Methods What Are Scientific Methods? Scientific methods are the ways in which scientists answer questions and solve problems. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Section 2 Scientific Methods Ask a Question Asking a question helps focus the purpose of the investigation. Scientists often ask a question after making an observation. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Make Observations Section 2 Scientific Methods Make Observations Accurate Observations Any information that you gather through your senses is an observation. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Form a Hypothesis Section 2 Scientific Methods Form a Hypothesis A hypothesis is a possible explanation or answer to a question that is based on observation and can be tested. A statement of cause and effect that can be used to set up a test for a hypothesis is called a prediction. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Test the Hypothesis Section 2 Scientific Methods Test the Hypothesis Under Control A controlled experiment tests only one factor at a time and consists of a control group and one or more experimental groups. http://youtu.be/IdBklrbAaUs Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Test the Hypothesis, continued Chapter 1 Section 2 Scientific Methods Test the Hypothesis, continued Designing an Experiment Designing a good experiment requires planning and a consideration of all factors. Collecting Data Scientists keep clear, accurate, honest records of their data so that other scientists can repeat the experiment and verify the results.

Chapter 1 Analyze the Results Section 2 Scientific Methods Analyze the Results After they finish their tests, scientists must analyze the results. Analyzing the results helps scientists explain and focus on the effect of the variable. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Draw Conclusions Section 2 Scientific Methods Draw Conclusions Scientists must conclude if the results of their tests support the hypothesis. Proving that a hypothesis is not true can be as valuable as proving that it is true. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Communicate Results Section 2 Scientific Methods Communicate Results After finishing an investigation, scientists communicate their results. Sharing allows other scientists to repeat experiments to see if they get the same results. Sometimes, new data lead scientists to change their hypotheses. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Section 2 Scientific Methods

Types of Scientific Models Chapter 1 Section 3 Scientific Models Types of Scientific Models Physical Models Physical models, such as miniature volcanoes and steam engines, look like the thing that they model. Mathematical Models A mathematical model may be made up of numbers, equations, and other forms of data. Charts and graphs are examples of mathematical models. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Types of Scientific Models, continued Chapter 1 Section 3 Scientific Models Types of Scientific Models, continued Conceptual Models Conceptual models are systems of ideas or comparisons of unfamiliar things with familiar things to help explain unfamiliar ideas. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Mathematical Model: A Punnett Square Chapter 1 Section 3 Scientific Models Mathematical Model: A Punnett Square The Punnett square helps scientists study the passing of traits from parents to offspring. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Building Scientific Knowledge Chapter 1 Section 3 Scientific Models Building Scientific Knowledge Scientific Theories An explanation that ties together many related observations, facts, and tested hypotheses is called a theory. Scientific Laws A scientific law is a statement of what will happen in a specific situation. A law tells you how things work. Scientific Change If new evidence challenges an accepted idea, scientists must reexamine the old evidence and reevaluate the old idea. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Tools for Measuring Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety Tools for Measuring Some tools you can use to make measurements: stopwatch meterstick balance thermometer spring scale graduated cylinder Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Tools for Measuring, continued Chapter 1 Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety Tools for Measuring, continued Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Tools for Analyzing Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety Tools for Analyzing Some tools you can use to analyze your data: calculators computers pencil and paper Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Units of Measurement Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety Units of Measurement The International System of Units Begun by the French Academy of Sciences in the late 1700s, the SI is used by almost all countries in the world. All SI units are based on the number 10, which makes conversion from one unit to another easy. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 1 Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety

Chapter 1 Measurement area  length  width Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety Measurement Length The basic unit of length in the SI is the meter. Area The measure of how much surface an object has. Use the following equation: area  length  width Mass A measure of the amount of matter in an object. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Measurement, continued Chapter 1 Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety Measurement, continued Volume The measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space. Temperature The measure of how hot (or cold) something is. Density The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance. Use the following equation: density = mass volume

Chapter 1 Safety Rules! Follow your teacher’s instructions. Section 4 Tools, Measurement, and Safety Safety Rules! Follow your teacher’s instructions. Read lab procedures carefully. Pay special attention to safety information. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"