C HEMISTRY ! Matter: Properties and Changes Tuesday, September 2, Please pick up a packet of guided notes from the front desk. -If you have anything that you need to turn in, drop it in the boxes now -Take a seat and get ready to Rock and Roll!

W ARM U P Pull out your phones and check your skyward. If you have missing work, get it turned in with a pink slip! If something is wrong, come talk to me after class. When you are done, please put your phones up and get ready for today’s notes

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER What is the BIG IDEA? Everything is made up of matter

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER What is the main idea we want to understand when talking about Properties of Matter? Most common substances exist as solids, liquids and gasses, which have diverse physical and chemical properties.

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Define the three states of matter and give examples: Solid : A solid is a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume. The particles of matter in a solid are packed tightly and are rigidly held in place. When heated, a solid will slightly expand. Ex) Wood, iron, and paper

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Define the three states of matter and give examples: Liquid: A liquid is a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container. The particles of matter in a liquid are not rigidly held in place and are less closely packed that the particles in a solid. A liquids volume is constant regardless of the container. When heated, a liquid will tend to expand. Ex) Water or Blood

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Define the three states of matter and give examples: Gas: A gas is a form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its container, but it also fills the entire volume of its container. Compared to solids and liquids, the particles of matter in a gas are very far apart. The gas form of a substance can also be referred to as a vapor. Ex) Air or steam

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Using what we know about their particles, compare all three state of matter. Solids have the most compact particle of matter Liquids have particles of matter that are less compact than solids, but more compact than gasses Gasses have particles of matter that are very far apart in comparison to liquids and solids.

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER What is a physical property? A physical property is a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition.

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER What is a chemical property? A chemical property is the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances.

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Compare physical and chemical properties. Physical properties describe a substance without changing the composition of the substance. Chemical properties describe a substance’s reactivity with other substances that may or may not change the composition of the substance

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER What is an intensive property? Intensive properties are independent of the amount of a substance that is present. Example: Density of a substance is the same no matter the amount.

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER What is an extensive property? Extensive properties are dependent on the amount of a substance that is present. Example: Weight or Mass of a substance depends on how much you have present.

P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Compare intensive and extensive properties. Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of a substance Extensive properties do depend on the amount of a substance

C HANGES IN M ATTER What is the main idea that we want to understand when talking about changes in matter? Matter can undergo physical and chemical changes.

C HANGES IN M ATTER What is a physical change? A physical change is a change which alters a substance without changing its composition. Example: Ice melting, water boiling, steam condensing, and water freezing

C HANGES IN M ATTER What is a chemical change? A chemical change is a process that involves one or more substances changing into a new substance. Example: Iron mixing with oxygen and rust forming

C HANGES IN M ATTER Compare physical and chemical changes Physical Changes do not change the composition of the substance Chemical Changes do change the composition of a substance

C HANGES IN M ATTER Define the Law of Conservation of Mass The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction – it is conserved. mass reactants = mass products

M IXTURES OF M ATTER What is the main idea we want to understand when talking about mixtures of matter? Most everyday matter occurs as mixtures – combinations of two or more substances.

M IXTURES OF M ATTER What is a mixture? A mixture is a combination of two or more substances.

M IXTURES OF M ATTER Define the two types of mixtures: Heterogeneous Mixture : A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct. Example: Salad

M IXTURES OF M ATTER Define the two types of mixtures: Homogeneous Mixture : A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that has constant composition throughout. Example: Kool aide, Sweet Tea, and chocolate milk

M IXTURES OF M ATTER List some examples of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous mixtures

M IXTURES OF M ATTER What is a solution? A solution is a homogeneous solution.

M IXTURES OF M ATTER How can Mixtures be separated Filtration : Filtration is a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid. Distillation : Distillation is a separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved. One substance will be boiled off while the other remains.

M IXTURES OF M ATTER How can Mixtures be separated Crystallization : Crystallization is a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance. Sublimation : Is a separation technique in which a solid changed to vapor without melting. Sublimation is used to separate two solids when one is capable of sublimation.

M IXTURES OF M ATTER How can Mixtures be separated Chromatography : Chromatography is a a technique that separated the components of mixture dissolved in either a gas or a liquid based on the ability of each component to travel or to be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate.

E LEMENTS AND C OMPOUNDS What is the main idea we want to understand when talking about elements and compounds? A compound is combination of two or more elements.

E LEMENTS AND C OMPOUNDS What is an Element? An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

E LEMENTS AND C OMPOUNDS How are elements organized? The periodic table organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups. Elements in the same group have very similar chemical and physical properties.

E LEMENTS AND C OMPOUNDS What is a compound A compound is made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically.

E LEMENTS AND C OMPOUNDS Matter Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures Pure Substances ElementsCompounds

E LEMENTS AND C OMPOUNDS Law of definite proportions The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample.

E LEMENTS AND C OMPOUNDS Law of multiple proportions The law of multiple proportions states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in ratio of small whole numbers.

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