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2 A Balance for Optimization Job Demands Worker Capabilities

3 Higher Production Higher Quality Compliance Lower Compensation Costs Careers/Employment Longevity Safe Working Conditions Quality of life Morale

4  Acute: ◦ Result from a one time event  Cumulative: ◦ Result from repeated wear and tear; however, a specific event may have been “the last straw” upon a previously weakened system and thus give the appearance that the problem is acute rather than chronic. {Stephen Konz. “Work Design; Industrial Ergonomics”, Third edition. 1990}

 Tendonitis  Tenosynovitis  Trigger Finger  Epicondylitis  Thoracic Outlet Syndrome  Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 5

6 MUSCULARSPINAL

Safe Lifting Techniques There are several basic rules of lifting and moving that can help prevent back injuries: Lift with your legs, not your back; this is because your legs muscles are larger and better positioned over the hips and knees to provide this activity. Do not twist; instead, always position your hips and feet toward the object you are lifting or moving. Maintain the natural curves of the neck, upper back and lower back while lifting, moving, and even sitting. Keep objects close to your body; this reduces the leverage on your spine. Push, rather than pull when possible. Pushing naturally places your legs in a position to do the work whereas pulling naturally places your back in a forward bent position. 7

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 Repetition  Forceful Exertion  Direct Mechanical Pressure  Static Posture  Inadequate Recovery Time  Awkward Posture  Environmental Stressors 10

Minimize pushing/pulling Minimize load weights Slide objects Lower loads rather than lift Use gravity Avoid double handling Use suitable containers Provide comfortable hand holds Remove constraints/obstacles Avoid placing loads on the floor 11

 You may now finish this safety training tutorial by completing the OSHA Assessment Quiz.OSHA Assessment Quiz