1. Training for Mangers and Supervisors
ergonomics
Training for Mangers and Supervisors

2. What is Ergonomics The science of fitting jobs to people.
Ergonomics uses knowledge of physical abilities, limitations & human characteristics that apply to job design.

3. Ergonomic Design
Considers the tasks, equipment & environment to provide efficient use of worker capabilities while ensuring that job demands do not exceed those capabilities

4. Why ergonomics?

5. Proper ergonomics can Improve Efficiency
Increase Production Capability
Reduce Workplace Injuries
Lower Workers’ Comp Costs
Reduce Absenteeism

6. Muscular skeletal disorders

7. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are an injury or illness to soft body tissue such as:
Muscles
Nerves
Tendons
Ligaments
Joints
Cartilage
Spinal Discs

8. Muscular Skeletal Disorders include
Strains & Sprains
Soreness or Pain
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Connective tissue disorders

9. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
MSDs are medical conditions that develop gradually over a period of time.
MSDs do not typically result from a single instantaneous event.  

10. Causes of Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Bending
Climbing
Crawling
Reaching
Twisting
Overexertion
Repetitive Exposure
Standing

11. Risk factors

12. Risk Factors
Risk Factors are the elements of workstation design or employee action that can result in Muscular-Skeletal Disorders.
Environmental Factors
Activity Factors

13. Environment Risk Factors
Heat or cold
Lighting
Vibration
Tool design
Noise

14. Activity Risk Factors Static or awkward postures Improper gripping
Improper lifting
Repetitive Motion

15. Heat & Cold Heat effects: Blood circulation
Causes cramps, burns, rashes and general discomfort.
Cold effects:
The body's blood circulation
Causes hypothermia, loss of flexibility, distraction and poor dexterity.
Comfortable temperature range:
68 to 74 degrees
Humidity 20 – 60%

16. Vibration
Excessive vibration causes pain to muscles, joints and internal organs.
Soft tissue trauma to the hands, arms, feet and legs.

17. Lighting Under & over lighted areas causes: Headaches Muscle strains
Fatigue
Eye strain
Poorly lighted areas also contributes to trip & fall hazards & poor coordination.

18. Tool design Handle shape Control type Control location Vibration
Impact
Pressure

19. Noise Noise peaks above 100 decibels cause: Headaches
Increased blood pressure
Muscle tension & fatigue
Irritability & distraction

20. Force & Exertion
Forceful exertions place higher loads on the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
Factors:
Weight
Bulkiness
Speed

21. Posture
Prolonged standing - varicose veins, back stress, pooling of blood in legs.
Sitting without back support - low back stress.
Seat too high - decreased circulation, (legs dangling over end) bruises.

22. Posture
Shoulders rounded - Upper/lower back stress, respiratory distress.
Leaning forward - Lower back stress.
Arms extended or over-reaching  - Stress to arm muscles, upper back stress.

23. Posture
Elbows "winged" - Joint stress at shoulder, poor use of bicep muscles.
Stepping backwards - Loss of balance, displaced gravity, muscle stress.
Locking knees - Stress to back of knee, poor blood circulation
Bent Wrist – excessive force when gripping.

24. Repetition
Frequent & prolonged repetition of the same movements cause muscle fatigue and stress.
Factors that increase repetition hazards:
Number of cycles per minute.
Force required.
Posture

25. Gripping Factors that increase gripping hazards: Bent wrist
Surface area
Surface friction
Vibration
Type of grip

26. Lifting Factors that increase lifting hazards: Weight Size Repetition
Twisting
Bending
Reaching
Method

27. Control measurers

28. Hazard Controls Engineering Controls Administrative Controls
Work Practice Controls

29. Engineering Controls Re-design of work station Re-design of tools
Lighting modification
Vibration control
Noise Control
Automation
Mechanical Lifting
Material Flow

30. Administrative Controls
Employee rotation.
Job task enlargement.
Adjustment of work pace.
Redesign of work methods.
Alternative tasks.
Rest breaks.

31. Work Practice Controls
Work techniques & procedures.
Conditioning period.
Training Lifting techniques.
Personal Protective Equipment.

32. Analysis tools

33. Checklists Basic Screening Tool General Risk Analysis
Computer Work Stations
Hand Tool Analysis
Hazard Identification
Task Analysis
Workstation Evaluation

34. Program elements

35. Program Elements Management Leadership Employee Participation
Hazard Identification
Hazard Information
Medical Management
Program Evaluation
Recordkeeping

36. Management Leadership
Assign responsibilities.
Provide authority, resources & information.
Examine existing policies.
Take action to correct problems.
Communicate regularly with employees.

37. Hazard Identification
Reports of signs, symptoms & hazards.
Recommendations from employees & supervisors.
Records review of existing safety & health records.
Routine facility safety & health inspections.

38. Information & Training
Signs & symptoms.
Importance of early reporting.
Specific hazards & controls.
Reporting MSDs & hazards.
How to recommend control methods.
Protective Measures.
Ergonomics program & their role.
OSHA standard requirements.

39. Employee Involvement Report of signs, symptoms & hazards.
Hazard control recommendations.
Access to information.

40. MSD Management Prompt response. Work restrictions or other measures.
Prompt access to a health care professional.
Written Medical Opinion.
Medical Follow-up.

41. Program Evaluation MSD records Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
Work Practice Controls
Opinions

42. Recordkeeping Reports of MSD or hazards.
Responses to employee reports.
Job hazard analysis.
Hazard control records.
Ergonomics program evaluation.
MSD management records.