Digestion Unit Day 8 "He is happiest, be he king or peasant, who finds peace in his home." -Johann von Goethe Johann von GoetheJohann von Goethe

Today’s Agenda n Objectives 15 & 16 –List nutrients –Practice –Notes on objectives 17 & 18 n Daily Quiz

Obj. 15 n Calorie: The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius. n Metabolism: Sum total of all chemical reactions occuring in a body cell. –May be anabolic (building) or catabolic (breaking down.)

Obj. 15 n Nutrient: A substance present in food that is used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance, or repair.

Obj. 15 Nutrients & Their Sources n Carbohydrates: –Cereals –Grains –Bread –Pasta n Digested in mouth & Sm. Int.

Obj. 15 Nutrients & Their Sources n Lipids: –Animal products –Dairy –Nuts –Fats, Oils & Butter n Digested in Sm. Int.

Obj. 15 Nutrients & Their Sources n Protein –Meats, Nuts, Fats, Oils & Butter n Digested in Stomach & Sm. Int.

Obj. 15 Nutrients & Their Sources n Minerals –Various Sources n Absorbed in Sm. Intestine

Obj. 15 Nutrients & Their Sources n Vitamins –Various Sources n Absorbed in Sm. Int. & Large Int.

Obj. 15 Nutrients & Their Sources n Water –Most Food Substances n Absorbed in Large Int.

Name the 6 Essential Nutrients n Carbohydrates n Lipids n Protein n Vitamins n Minerals n Water

Where would _____ be digested & absorbed? n Turkey n Watermelon n Chick-fil-a Chicken Biscuit n Spaghetti noodles n An egg n Hershey Chocolate Bar n Spinach

What’s Metabolism Again? n Sum total of all chemical reactions occuring in a body cell. n What chemical reactions can you think of that occur in cells?

Does energy for _____ contribute to BMR or TMR? n Exercise done in an aerobics class n Breathing n Kidney Function n Taking notes in class n Taking notes in class n Cellular Respiration

Meal Planning Activity

What were the 6 nutrient categories we listed ? n Carbohydrates n Lipids n Proteins n Water n Vitamin n Minerals

Where are these digested? n Carbohydrates with starch? n Protein n Lipids

Where are these absorbed? n Carbohydrates n Protein n Lipids

Objective 16 (Proteins) n Carbohydrates--- breads, cereals, grains n Lipids---fats, oils, nuts n Proteins---fish, chicken, beef, nuts

Objective 17 n Water soluble---B complex and C –Are absorbed along with water through tract. –Damaged by heat –Not stored, excess excreted in urine daily.

Objective 18 n Fat soluble---A,D,E, & K –Bind with and are absorbed with lipids. –Stored in body –Can build up to toxic levels

Obj. 18 Minerals n CALCIUM – Ca, milk, leafy veg., shell fish n PHOSPHOROUS---P—milk, eggs, meat, fish, poultry n MAGNESIUM—Mg—milk, nuts, cereals, veggies n POTASSIUM—K—widely found in foods, avocadoes, bananas, apricots, meat, fish n SULFUR—S—meat, milk, eggs n SODIUM—Na—salt n CHLORINE—Cl--salt

Complete nutrition worksheet. Turn it in when done.

Lets review a bit for the quiz. n Quiz is in 2 parts –Structures of digestive system –Major nutrients list and 2 questions over objective 15.

Which part of the digestive tract???????? n Begins mechanical digestion? n Is where most nutrients are absorbed? n Has no digestive function, serves as a connection? n Is the place where bicarbonate ions enter the tract?

Which part of the digestive tract???????? n Contains rugae? n Contains villi? n Contains vitamin producing bacteria? n Is where protein digestion occurs?

Which part of the digestive tract???????? n Is where starch digestion begins? n Is where bile is produced? n Is where bile is stored? n Is where bile enters the tract?

Which part of the digestive tract???????? n Is involved in Valsalva maneuver? n Has lowest pH? n Is where pancreatic enzymes enter the tract? n Contains the duodenum?

Digestion Unit Day 10 Nothing is so strong as gentleness and nothing is so gentle as real strength." -Ralph W. Sockman Ralph W. SockmanRalph W. Sockman

Today’s Agenda n Progress reports n Notes on Objectives –Anabolic/catabolic –Cellular respiration –Energy balance –BMR

Today’s Agenda n Turn in Progress Reports n Look at this week’s agenda n Complete Lab Questions n Notes on Obj n Calculate your BMR n Practice Objectives

Calorie lab questions

Objective 19 n Catabolic—chemical activities that break down molecules n Anabolic—chemical activities that build molecules.

Objective 20 n Cell Respiration— process by which food substances are broken down to release bond energy to form ATP

Obj. 20 cont. n Major Steps –1. Glycolysis –2. Citric Acid Cycle –3. ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation

Objective 21 n Energy Balance (from food oxidation) is precisely balanced by energy output (heat, work, storage)

Objective 22  Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)  Rate at which energy is expended (heat produced) by body per time unit under controlled conditions.  Energy needed to perform basic activities

Objective 22 Cont. n Total metabolic rate total rate of kilocalorie consumption to fuel all ongoing activities--- voluntary & involuntary (bulk of TMR is BMR)

Obj. 23 Factors that influence metabolism n Age n Activity level n Sex n thyroxine level n action of foods

Obj. 24 Temperature Regulation n Body temperature is the balance between heat production and heat loss.

Obj. 24 cont n Heat n Heat is lost through radiation, conduction, and evaporation.

Obj.24 cont. n Hypothalamus acts as the body’s thermostat n Sweat takes away heat energy using it to convert water to water vapor.

Calculate your BMR following the steps shown on “Know Yourself”

Worksheet: Part A together Part B—independently