1. &Nutrition Digestive System DO NOW: What do you think is
a healthy meal?
Plan a healthy meal.

3. My Plate

5. Nutrients Food is too big to be absorbed into your cells
Food must be broken down into its small parts .
These small parts are called nutrients.

6. The 6 Basic Nutrients Nutrient Food Source
Protein: Meat, fish, eggs, beans
Needed for
Growth and repair of tissue
make enzymes and hormones

7. Carbohydrate Bread, cereal, pasta, fruit
Nutrient Food Source
Carbohydrate Bread, cereal, pasta, fruit
(Whole grain metabolized better by your body)
Needed for
Energy
Breaks down into sugar

8. Nutrient Food Source
Fats Butter, oil, cheese, bacon
Needed For:
Second source of energy
when carbs are used up.

9. Nutrient Food Source
Vitamins Milk A&D, vegetables B
A,B,C,D,E,K fruits C carrots A
nuts E
Needed for
regulate growth, prevent disease, biochemical reactions

10. Nutrient Food Source Minerals Calcium - milk Iodine - added to salt
Iron - green vegetables
Iodine - added to salt
Needed For:
Strong bones and teeth
Blood and other tissues

11. Nutrient Food Source
Water All Foods , especially fruits and vegetables.
Needed For:
Dissolving substances, Blood, chemical reactions

12. DO NOW: Potato Chips are high in which 2 things? Carbs? Fat? Protein?

13. Fatty Foods
High Protein Foods
High Carbohydrate Foods

14. Functions of the Digestive System
1. Ingest: Food enters the body. Food contains nutrients needed for metabolism (chemical reactions).
2. Digest: Breaking down the food so cells can absorb the nutrients.
3. Absorption: Getting the nutrients to the cells.
4. Egest: Removing solid waste from the body.

15. 1000 calories will be stored in fat.
Why Eat?
Food is needed to make Energy for life.
This amount of energy is measured in calories.
Unused calories of energy are stored in our fat cells for later.
Eat 2000 calories of food.
Use 1000 calories of energy.
1000 calories will be stored in fat.

16. Calorie (food energy)
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree celsius.

17. Daily Caloric Requirements
Male, aged
Female, aged
Male, aged
Female aged
1940 calories per day for women and 2550 for men
Why do boys age require more calories?

18. Exercise: Calories per hour
Running: 700
Bicycling: 370
Skating: 450
Jogging: 600
1. How many hours would you have to run to burn up 1,400 calories?
2 . Which exercise burns the most calories?
3. You just ate 450 calories of candy, which exercise could you do for 1 hour to burn the same amount of calories?

19. DO NOW
What are the 6 nutrients?
What constitutes a balanced diet?

20. Why Digest?
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are too big to be absorbed into our bloodstream.
Foods have to be broken down by enzymes before they are small enough to be absorbed.

21. Give an example of mechanical digestion.
DO NOW:
Give an example of mechanical digestion.
Chewing

22. Pathway of Digestion mouth esophagus liver gallbladder stomach
pancreas
Small
intestine
Large
intestine
rectum
anus

23. Mouth Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Mechanical = Teeth chew!
Chemical = Enzymes in saliva digests starch into sugar!

24. Mechanical Vs. Chemical Digestion
Is mechanical digestion a physical or chemical change?
Mechanical is a physical change: breaking large pieces into smaller pieces.
Is chemical digestion a physical or a chemical change?
Chemical is a chemical change: chemically breaks large molecules into different, smaller molecules.

25. Enzymes
Enzymes are special proteins that our body makes in order to digest food.
Food might break down on its own in a million years, but enzymes speed this up.
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

26. Enzymes will work more quickly on smaller pieces of food. WHY?

27. Increased Surface Area
Chewing makes smaller pieces so that the enzymes will have more surface area to work on.

28. Which meat will be digested faster?
Enzymes

29. Saltines Experiment

30. DO NOW:
What are enzymes?
What do they do?
Where are they found?

31. Esophagus No Digestion here.
Peristalsis: Waves of contraction of smooth muscle squeeze food down.

32. Stomach Blends food into liquid called Chyme
Makes pepsin, Acid, and mucus
Pepsin digests protein

33. Mechanical vs Chemical
Mechanical digestion:
Food is cut into smaller pieces.
Chemical digestion:
Enzymes break food molecules into their building blocks.

34. Small Intestine Absorption of Nutrients occurs ONLY here.
Most digestion occurs here.
Absorption of Nutrients occurs ONLY here.

35. Tapeworms live in small intestines
The small intestine is the only place in the body where nutrients are absorbed.
Tapeworms live there and absorb your nutrients before you can.

37. Nutrients have to be ________enough to be absorbed by the small intestine.
How much surface area does the small intestine have inside?

38. Which one has more internal surface area?

39. How can the small intestine have so much surface area?
Inside the small intestine are tiny wrinkles called VILLI.

40. Which road has more surface area?

41. Why is this good for the small intestine?
There are more surfaces to absorb the nutrients!

42. If a stadium wants to sell their hot dogs FAST, how should they design the hot dog counter?

43. DO NOW List the pathway of food through the digestive system. Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

44. 6. Large Intestine
Your food finally reaches the large intestine, and it is wet!
All that is left is roughage / fiber that can’t be digested by humans.
Water is reabsorbed.
Bacteria live here and make vitamins for us.

45. Large Intestine
How do feces move through the intestines?
Peristalsis!

46. Problems in the Large Intestine
Diarrhea: too wet.
Constipation: not enough fiber.
Colon cancer

47. Colon Cancer

48. DO NOW:
1. Which organ absorbs nutrients, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates?
Small Intestine
2. Which organ absorbs water?
Large Intestine

49. Accessory Organs Liver: Makes bile Gall Bladder: Stores Bile.
Bile: Breaks down fat

50. PANCREAS
Pancreas: releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
This completes digestion.
Bicarbonate is also secreted which neutralizes the acid from the stomach.

51. Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas

52. Can you identify all of these organs?

53. How many Digestive Organs can you label?