VERTEBRATES: Animals with true backbones (PHYLUM CHORDATA) Science AHSGE Standard III-3, part 2 THE ANIMAL KINGDOM VERTEBRATES: Animals with true backbones (PHYLUM CHORDATA)

Kingdom Animalia All vertebrates have bilateral symmetry All vertebrates are sexual Multicellular with true tissues Specialized eukaryotic cells Muscular/nervous systems unique to animals Have their own means of locomotion Consumers- ingest food 1,326,239 classified species 9,812,298 total species

Fish Aquatic/marine Fins- Projections that allow for turning and balance Swim Bladder- Sac-like organ that holds air for floatation Gills- Remove oxygen from water Two-chambered heart External fertilization Differentiated by skeleton and/or jaws

Class Osteichthyes (Pisces): Bony fish Catfish * Red snapper

Giant Asian catfish

Class Chondrichthyes: Cartilagenous fish Great white shark

Class Chondrichthyes: Cartilagenous fish Skate Sting ray

Class Agnatha Jawless fish Many parasitic

Class Amphibia Smooth moist skin Mucus secreting- Chemical defense Three chambered heart Some skin breathing Two life stages: water and land Born with gills Develop lungs later in life External fertilization

Class Amphibia Poison dart frog Marble Salamander Example: Warning coloration Marble Salamander

Class Reptilia Dry, scaly skin Many have claws and fangs (mechanical defense) Amniotic egg- soft, leathery shell Three chambered heart Internal fertilization Most give no parental care

Class Reptilia Left- Coral snake Right- Scarlet king snake Example: Warning coloration Right- Scarlet king snake Example: Mimicry

Class Reptilia Alligator Crocodile

Giant Croc found in New Orleans after hurricane

Class Reptilia Turtles

Class Aves Covered with feathers Feathers serve as insulation/flight Hollow bones Beaks are an adaptation to food sources Hard, calcium-enriched shell; some spotted for camouflage Four chambered heart Internal fertilization

Class Aves Bald eagle Gray heron

Class Aves Ostrich Penguins

Class Mammalia Covered in fur Females produce milk for the young Parental care for young Internal fertilization Four chambered heart

Class Mammalia Order Monotremata: Egg-laying mammals Duck-billed platypus Spiny anteater

Class Mammalia Order Marsupials: Pouch mammals Young born underdeveloped Finish developing in pouch Kangaroos Koalas

Class Mammalia Order Marsupials Opossum Wombat

Class Mammalia Order Marsupials Tasmanian devil

Class Mammalia Order Placentals Young fully develop inside the mother in a sac-like organ called the placenta Dolphins Use echolocation to see at night Humpback whales Baleen- Device in a whales mouth used to filter food parties

Class Mammalia Order Placentals Armadillo Grizzly bear

Class Mammalia Order Placental Bats Bats use echolocation to see also

Class Mammalia Arctic mammals Lion Example: Convergent evolution Example: Camouflage