Diversity Study Guide By: Waqas Siddiqui Jonathan Alvarez

Judaism  Belief in one god – Monotheism  First monotheistic person – Abraham  Promise between god and man – Covenant  Retrieved from Mt. Sinai – 10 Commandments  Freed the Jews from Egypt – Moses  Holy Book – Torah  Promise Land – Canaan  Name for Jewish people - Hebrews

Hinduism  Founded by – ‘ No Single founder ’  Holy books – Vedas  Reaching Enlightenment – Moksha  Started in – India  People who created religion were known as – Aryians  Destroyer, Protector, and Creator gods – Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma  Social class system – Caste System  Priests are known as – Brahmins  Lowest level of caste system – Untouchables  Cycle of rebirth – Reincarnation  Moral and social duties – Darhma

Buddhism  Founded by – Siddhartha Guatama  Holy book – Jatakas  Reaching enlightenment – Nirvana  Started in – Southeast Asia  Way to reach enlightenment – Eightfold path  Spread to – Burma, Thailand, China, and Japan  Holy people were known as – Monks  Actions in life affect your next – Karma  The four noble truths –  1. Everything in life is suffering and sorrow  2.The cause of all suffering people  3.The way to end all suffering  4.The way to overcome such desires

Persia  King that created the great empire – Cyrus  How Cyrus acted towards conquered people – Tolerance  Created to aid travel and trade – Royal Road  Area conquered by Cambyses – Egypt  Elite fighting force of Persia – 10,000 immortals  Stretched from the Indus river valley to Anatolia  Division of the empire into 20 provinces – Imperial bureaucracy  Governors of the provinces – Satraps  Religion – Zoroastrianism  Focused on the two forces of light and darkness  Believed in the idea of a Heaven or Hell  King not related to others – Darius  {Lost to Greece in the battle of Marathon}

Chinese Philosophies 1. Confucianism - Confucious 2. Legalism – Hanfeizi and Lisi 3. Daoism - Laozi

Confucianism  Founded by – Confucious  Nature of man is – Harmony  5 key relationships –  1. Father to son  2. Elder brother to younger brother  3. Husband to wife  4. Ruler to subject  5. Friend to friend  Respect for elders/parents – Filiel Piety  Writings – Analects  Rulers should act – By a code of ethics  Rulers should enforce and set an example for the people  So that it will improve society

Legalism  Founded by Hanfeizi and Lisi  Nature of man is – Evil  Laws should be – passed strictly  Punishments should be – Harsh  No writings, instead did this to books – Burned all books  Autocracy – Authority that only the ruler has  Emperor who instituted Legalism – Qin Shi Huangdi  Started with Qin dynasty of China

Daoism  Founded by – Laozi  Seek harmony with – Nature  Government’s job – Not to play a role  Symbol that represents the Natural rhythm of life – Yin and Yang  Thoughts are recorded in the writings called – Dao Deching