Visual impairment.
2 Objectives Leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the U.S. How to assess a patients vision and ability to identify and properly use medications Identify strategies for assuring appropriate medication use in patients with visual impairment
3 Leading Causes of Visual Impairment Cataracts Glaucoma Age-related macular degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy
4 Cataracts Clouding of the lens due to protein clumping. Leading cause of blindness in the world and leading cause of low vision in U.S.
5 Cataracts Link to animation showing cataract formation ditions/cataracts.htm ditions/cataracts.htm
6 Example of what vision might be like for a person with cataracts
7 Glaucoma Disease of the optic nerve that is usually associated with (but not always) increased intraocular pressure and can lead to decreased vision, blindness Two kinds Open-angle Angle-closure
This picture is recreated from "Understanding and Treating Glaucoma" a Human Anatomy Board Book by Tim Peters and Company, inc. Gladstone, NJ8 Glaucoma Link to animation showing flow of aqueous humor
9 Example of what vision might be like for a person with glaucoma
10 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) Associated with aging and gradually destroys sharp central vision Slow breakdown of the light-sensing cells in the macula (central part of retina that helps for central vision) Two kinds of ARMD Dry – 90% of patients Wet – 10% of patients but 90% of blindness due to ARMD is from wet ARMD ARED study
11 ARMD
12 Example of what vision might be like for a person with ARMD
13 Example of what vision might be like for a person with ARMD
14 Diabetic Retinopathy Damage occurs to the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina. Leading cause of blindness in the industrialized world in people ages 24 – 74
15 Example of what vision might be like for a person with diabetic retinopathy
16 Assessing a patients ability to identify and properly use medications Ask Introduce yourself and identify yourself What are some counseling techniques and aids you could use to assist someone with low vision.
Statistics and pictures from National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health References Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs, 14 th Edition. Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical Use of Drugs, 8 th edition. National Eye Institute: MedicineNet.com rticle.htm rticle.htm All About Vision