Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 1 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 0.1 Mobile communications 1st generation: analog voice service AMPS(USA), Advances Mobile Phone Service, IS-54 NMTS(Europe), Nordic Mobile Telephone System TACS(England), Total Access Communication System NAMTS(Japan), NEC Advances Mobile Telephone System 2nd generation: voice and data service D-AMPS(USA), Digital-AMPS, IS-136 GSM(Europe), Global System for Mobile Communication DCS(England), Digital Cellular System PDC(Japan), Personal Digital Cellular CDMA(North American), IS-95 3rd generation: voice, data and multi-media service (2Mbps) 4th generation: voice, data and interactive-media service (156Mbps)

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 2 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Quality of Service in old generations: Voice Quality (improved), Coverage (world-wide seamless access) & Costs (low) Quality of Service aspects : low BER and low delay time New Services and Capabilities in new generations Enabling new voice and data service that are not currently available with 1G and 2G technology High bandwidth services (data, image, multimedia)

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 3 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 4 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 0.2 Development of CDMA: Spread spectrum communications originate from MIT Lincoln Labs since 1920’s. The theory of spread spectrum communications has been well known since the late 1940's. It has been used somewhat intensively in the field of secure military communications since 1950's, but in commercial applications it is a relatively new technique. The spread spectrum technique has been released from military since 1970’s. The first major commercial application of spread spectrum techniques was the Global Positioning System (GPS). R.G. Cooper and Nettleton proposed the North American DS-CDMA systems in It is further commercialized by Qualcomm as narrowband CDMA(IS-95)

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 5 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 0.3 3G development history: In 1985 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) proposed the 3G specification, which is called FPLMTS (Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems). In 1996 it is renamed as IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication) and defines the specifications 144K bps in fast moving speed 384K bps in walking, slow moving speed 2M bps in standstill environment Proposals for 3G Standards Wideband-CDMA (Europe) CDMA-2000 (North American) TD-SCDMA (China)

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 6 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION W-CDMA: It is proposed by Ericsson (Sweden) and NTT DoCoMo (Japan) which is an extension of GSM systems. In 2001, The first W-CDMA 3G service is proposed in Japan by the DoCoMo company. CDMA-2000 It is an extension of narrowband CDMA (IS-95) CDMA X, wideband service, 307K bps in 1.25M Hz BW CDMA X, wideband service 2M bps in 5M Hz BW CDMA X EV-DO CDMA one, narrowband service, 8 voices, 64K bps/channel In 2000, The telecommunication company in Korean proposed CDMA X system and the Samsung Electronics company propose a few types of CDMA X handsets. TD-SCDMA It is the combination of TDMA system and synchronization CDMA, which is proposed by the Simens (Germany) and Datang (China) in 1999.

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 7 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 3G Telecommunication licenses Taiwan : A,B,C,D for W-CDMW at 2G Hz and E for CDMA2000 at 800M Hz. Japan: 2 for W-CDMA and 1 for CDMA2000 Korean: 3 for W-CDMA and 1 for CDMA2000

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 8 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 0.4 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) IMT-2000 : International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 the time schedule for the first trial system : year 2000 the frequency range to be used : around 2000 MHz The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is responsible for the IMT-2000 specification. The requirements for the 3G standardisation have been discussed under the term FPLMTS (Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System) since the early 1990s. In the mid 1990s the term FPLMTS was changed to the term IMT UMTS UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS is a member of the ITU‘s IMT-2000 global family of 3G mobile communication systems The European Telecommunication Standards Institute ETSI is responsible for the UMTS standardization UMTS is the successor standard to the second generation GSM. UMTS will play a key role in creating the future mass market for high-quality wireless multimedia communications that will approach 2 billion users worldwide by the year 2010

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 9 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Seamless World-wide Access

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 10 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Air Interfaces for 3G

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 11 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Air Interfaces for 3G

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 12 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Spectrum Allocation for 3G

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 13 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Evolutionary Path of GSM towards UMTS

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 14 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 0.5 4G possible techniques W-CDMA with OFDM technique → Multi-Carrier CDMA LAS-CDMA (large area synchronization CDMA by China) Position CDMA 4G standards will be proposed in 2010 ( NTT DoCoMo plans to propose the 4G standard in 2007).

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 15 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 0.6 Principles of spread spectrum systems :

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 16 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION The major applications of spread spectrum communications are for military purpose, which requires Security or low probability of interception ‚Anti-jamming, anti-interference for commercial purpose, which requires Multiple access capability ‚Anti-multipath fading Anti-jamming, anti-interference

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 17 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Multiple access One of the most advantageous properties of spread spectrum technique is that it can be very conveniently used as a multiple access method. In the traditional multiple access schemes, the fundamental resources are frequency and time. frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and ‚time division multiple access (TDMA),. In CDMA, multiple users are using the same frequency band at the same time (time and frequency overlap). The key elements are the used spreading codes and their properties. Show a lot of block diagrams of CDMA systems in the following.

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 18 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Digital Communication Systems

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 19 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Digital Communication Systems and CDMA systems

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 20 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Text Book layout (Topics for CDMA systems)

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 21 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION CDMA with QPSK Modulation Systems

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 22 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Uplink CDMA Systems

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 23 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Uplink CDMA Systems with multicode transmission

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 24 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION Downlink CDMA Systems

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 25 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 0.7 Important Topics for CDMA network systems (physical layer) 1.PN sequences 2.Code acquisition 3.Code tracking 4.Modulation/demodulation 5.Power control 6.Adaptive CDMA networks 7.Radio channel 8.Multiuser detection 9.Advanced CDMA systems, MC-CDMA, OFDM

Fu-Jen Catholic University Page 26 Department of Electronic Engineering 2015/9/15 Ch0: INTRODUCTION 0.8 Reference 1.S.G. Glisic, “Adaptive WCDMA,”, Chapter 1 2.CDMD development group, 3.3G Partnership Project 2 ， G Partnership Project ， G Today - IMT-2000 Standard ， CDMA2000 ， Cellular Online ， Cellular Technologies Of The World ， Philips Consumer Communications ， TDD White Paper ， TD-SCDMA White Paper ， Wireless Web Features - TD-SCDMA and W-CDMA make ideal partners for 3G ， UMTS World ，