◦ IN THIS CORNER……. William Howard Taft- William Howard Taft- ◦ Republican GOP incumbent. Woodrow Wilson- Woodrow Wilson- ◦ Democrat Theodore Roosevelt- Theodore Roosevelt- ◦ Progressive Party aka BULL MOOSE Eugene Debs Eugene Debs ◦ Socialist

 Roosevelt and Taft ◦ Former friends ◦ Taft replaced Roosevelt after 2nd term ◦ Bigger reformer than Roosevelt ◦ Roosevelt thought Taft was soft on regulation and didn’t live up to Progressive Ideas  Wilson becomes President ◦ Roosevelt & Taft spilt republican vote

Civil Rights….You’re on your own!

 Emancipation Proclamation- ◦ Freed Slaves in the Southern (disobedient) States. ◦ Sharecropper  Transfer from slave to “worker”  Tennant, seed, food, cash.  Very high interest rates, low wages, no legal protection ◦ Poll Tax  Tax to vote  Blacks & other minorities couldn’t afford it.  Grandfather Clause  Exemption to poll tax if your grandfather didn’t have to pay prior to Civil War

◦ 13th Amendment  Abolished Slavery ◦ 14th Amendment  Defines Citizenship, due Process, Protects rights of Citizens ◦ 15th Amendment  Voting rights for all citizens (race) ◦ Segregation  Races separated in many aspects of society

 Plessy v.s. Ferguson (1896) ◦ Supreme Court established legal segregation “separate but equal”  Started in rail road, spread to all aspects of public life especially in the SOUTH. ◦ “Separate but Equal” enforced in the south by Jim Crow Laws and the Klan ◦ Ku Klux Klan  Nathan Forrest- 1st Grand Wizard  Made up of mostly Confederate soldiers  Terrorist Organization

 Ida B. Well- Launched a series of attacks on lynching. Efforts created anti-lynching legislation, however, authorities in south rarely enforced laws.  W.E.B DuBois- Founded the NAACP, promoted education (Key to social& political equality).  Booker T. Washington- African Americans’ could gain equality through economics

 Segregation stood stagnant through ◦ WWI ◦ Prohibition ◦ Depression ◦ WWII ◦ Red Scare ◦ To be Continued  1954 Brown v.s. Board of Education

 Place the statements below into chronological order Corporations use trusts to continue monopolies over industry Govt. passes the Sherman- Anti-Trust Act, making trusts, illegal Corporations formed holding companies to go around the Sherman Anti Trust Act Federal Courts could not enforce the Sherman-Anti Trust Act, stating it was too general Corporations formed holding companies to go around the Sherman Anti Trust Act Corporations use trusts to continue monopolies over industry Federal Courts could not enforce the Sherman-Anti Trust Act, stating it was too general Govt. passes the Sherman-Anti-Trust Act, making trusts, illegal

 Turn in your charts and political cartoon…. ◦ Make sure your name and class period is on the top ◦ -20 pts for each

1. Although the nation was in an industrial boom via improved transportation, Farmers were plagued with several issues. Name at least two SPECIFIC issues discussed in the reading. 2. What was the purpose of the Grange cooperative? 3. Which of the following was not an issue raised by the Populist party a.Unlimited coinage of silver b.A graduated income tax c.More tariffs on foreign exports d.Government ownership of railroads 4. Who was the radical Populist who ran for president in 1896? a.Ben Tillman b.William Jennings Bryan c.Jerry Simpson d.William McKinley

 Increase farmers political power  Influence legislation  Problems ◦ Declining prices ◦ High interest rates ◦ Economic depression ◦ Bad crops ◦ Land speculation ◦ Unstable markets  Responded ◦ Blamed banks & RR ◦ Formed cooperatives ◦ Organized for political action

Economic Problems Agriculture over production High Cost Natural Disaster Debt New farming techniques, new technology = more crops = price drops Insane shipping and storage rates regulated by rail road companies Insects, drought, floods, tornadoes. One bad crop year could ruin a family for a decade. Borrowed to buy machines, seed, or general improvement. Used farm as collateral.

More money in circulation + No rise is GNP = Decline in money value = Prices of goods go up! Money in circulation Price of goods go up! GNP Value of $$$$$

 US prints tons of money and puts it in circulation  More in circulation means the value of money drops  Means your dollar is worth less $$$$ Dollar has less buying power

 Less money in circulation =  Rise of the value in Money =  Prices go down Money in circulation Value of $$$$$ Price of goods go down

 US limits money in circulation  Less in circulation means the value of money rises  Means your dollar is worth more $ Dollar has more buying power

Price of goods goes down Crops sell for less Less profit for farmers Farmer borrows money Farmer goes in to debt to bank Farmer mortgages his land Farmer losses his farm Corporate buyout of farm

20 Farmer’s Union founded by Oliver Kelly (MN) What? Cooperative movement - farmers pooled their money to make shared purchases of machinery, supplies, insurance, etc. Worked for pro-farmer laws Ex. Interstate Commerce Act - regulated rates of railroads How?

ImportanceKey PlayersEffect

ImportanceKey PlayersEffect Supreme court prohibited states from regulating railroad prices Railroads, supreme court, state of Illinois Supreme court position changes, States could NOT regulate railroad. US Govt COULD Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act

ImportanceKey PlayersEffect The act created Interstate Commerce Commission the federal governments power to investigate and oversee railroad activities. Congress Supreme Court Established the principle of federal regulation of interstate transportation. Regulatory Commissions to determine good or bad trusts. Private businesses must be minor to public good.

“ What you farmers need to do is raise less corn and more Hell!” Mary Elizabeth Lease (1890) Populist Organizer

 Political Party that was in support of Farmers and their rights.  End protective tariffs  Regulation on railroads  Direct election of senators  Silver as monetary base  Populism died ◦ as support for gold outweighed silver. ◦ Population shift from rural to urban areas

26  Why? Populists believed that this would solve nearly all of the farmer’s problems They wanted to use both silver and gold coins, thus increasing the amount of money in the country What? All money would be worth less, a situation that was bad for creditors (big banks) and good for debtors (farmers)

27  William Jennings Bryan Ran as a Populist President in 1896 on platform of Free Silver Supported Farmers & the Coinage of Silver Big business opposes his run, Republicans win the white house, & Populists fade away

28 Written by Active Populist L. Frank Baum Most things in the book represent something important to the populist movement

29  Basic Symbols: Ruby Slippers - In the book, were actually “Silver Slippers” (magic of Free Silver) Yellow Brick Road - “Gold” many dangers for regular people (like Dorothy) Oz - Abbreviation for Ounce (way gold is measured)

30  Characters: Dorothy - Everyman Scarecrow - Farmers Tin Man - Industrial Workers

31  Characters: Lion - William Jennings Byran (a pacifist) Toto Temperance Activists (allies of the Populists) Wizard - President of the United States

32  Places: Emerald City - Washington D.C. (in the book, the color came from Green Glasses that everyone wore, a trick) Good Witches of North & South - Directions where Populists had friends (Midwest and South)