KEY CONCEPT Animal-like protist are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.

19.2 Animal-Like protists

Animal-like protists move in various ways. Animal-like protists are often called protozoa. macronucleus food vacuole oral groove micronucleus contractile vacuole cilia

Protozoa that move with flagella are zooflagellates. flagella are an extension of the cytoplasm help zooflagellates swim some cause disease while others are beneficial to an organism (i.e help termites digest wood). more than 2000 zooflagellates

Some protists move with pseudopods (false foot). change shape as they move amoebas

Amoebas use their pseudopod. (“false foot.”) to move and to eat! They do this by engulfing and digesting particles This process is called phagocytosis

Some protozoa move with cilia. cilia are short, hair-like structures that cover the surface of the cell cilia help protists swim and capture food more than 8000 types of ciliates macronucleus food vacuole oral groove micronucleus contractile vacuole cilia

Paramecium is very common in fresh water ponds cilia help paramecium swim and capture food food particles are swept in to the oral groove by the cilia a food vacuole forms at the end of the gullet and is digested by enzymes the contractile vacuole pumps water out of the cell They have multiple nuclei – a macronucleus and many small micronuclei macronucleus food vacuole oral groove micronucleus contractile vacuole cilia gullet

Some animal-like protists cause disease. Protists cause some well-known infectious diseases. sporozoites human liver liver cells developed parasites red blood cells Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes. Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and spread by flies. A giardia infection is caused by Giardia and spread through water. Malaria Infection

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Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists. mostly photosynthetic some heterotrophic single-celled one or two flagella pellicle nucleus chloroplast eye spot contractile vacuole flagellum

Slime molds and water molds are funguslike protists. Slime molds have both funguslike and animallike traits. decomposers, like fungi can move, like animals

Water molds are freshwater, funguslike protists. one type of water mold caused Great Potato Famine of Ireland in the 1800’s made of branching strands of cells can be parasites of plants or fish