Let’s Review! Renaissance = REBIRTH Time period: 1300 – 1500 Humanism: focused on worldly subjects instead of religious subjects Influenced by Greek and Roman literature, art, and philosophy
Medieval Art No dimensions instead flat surfaces Children look like adults Focus is on religious topics Disproportional (unbalanced)
Saint John: Apostle and Evangelist
Renaissance Art Proportionate Still religious, but rich people often paid to be in the painting Secular subjects = non religious Emphasis on the human body Classic subjects
How does the Renaissance depiction of the Virgin Mary and Baby Jesus differ from the Medieval depiction? RenaissanceMiddle Ages
What Differences Did You Notice? Jesus really looks like a baby Proportionate to Mary Mary looks human, not like an angel
Which is Which? Medieval or Renaissance? A. B.
C.D.
E. F.
Renaissance Art and Patronage Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on art. * Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values. * Italian banking & international trade interests had the money. Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds. Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!
1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden by Masaccio 1427 First nudes since classical times.
2. Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity by Masaccio 1427
Perspective
3. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism: worldly, not religious. Humanism. Individualism - free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)
4. Emphasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca,
5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate by Leonardo da Vinci 1469 The figure as architecture!
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Strongcontrastsbetween light and dark Shadingorblending so there are no sharpoutlines
Lorenzo the Magnificent Cosimo de Medici
Florence Under the Medici Family Medici Chapel Medici Chapel The Medici Palace
Filippo Brunelleschi Commissioned to build the cathedral dome. - Used unique architectural concepts. § He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome. § Used ribs for support.
Brunelleschi’s Dome
Comparing Domes
Other Famous Domes Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s U.S. capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington D.C.)
The Ideal City Piero della Francesca, 1470
David by Donatello 1430 First free-form bronze statue since Roman times! The Liberation of Sculpture
David by Verrocchio 1473 – 1475 David by Verrocchio 1473 – 1475 (One of his students was Leonardo da Vinci)
The Baptism of Christ Verrocchio, The Baptism of Christ Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci
Vitruvian Man Leonardo da Vinci 1492 Blends science and art The L’uomo universale (Universal Man)
The Renaissance “Man” Has broad knowledge about many things in different fields. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.
Self-Portrait – da Vinci, Artist Sculptor Architect Scientist Engineer Inventor
Leonardo, the Artist The Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci Born in 1452 Painter, sculptor, inventor, botanist, musician, architect Dissected the human body to see how muscles and tendons worked Sketched submarines and airplane models before they were even invented
Leonardo, the Artist: From his Notebooks of over 5000 pages ( )
Mona Lisa da Vinci, Her identity was determined in 2005: Lisa del Giocondo, wife of a wealthy Florentine merchant. Her enigmatic (mysterious) smile continues to puzzle onlookers. It currently hangs in the Louvre Museum in Paris.
Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
It is displayed in a purpose-built, climate-controlled enclosure behind bulletproof glass. * About 6 million people view the painting at the Louvre each year.
Renaissance Humor
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 & Geometry
horizontal vertical Perspective! The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
Detail of Jesus The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci 1498 Deterioration
A Da Vinci “Code”: St. John or Mary Magdalene?
Leonardo, the Sculptor An Equestrian Statue
Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook Study of a central church. 1488
Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook
Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook
A study of siege defenses. Studies of water-lifting devices. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook
Michelangelo Buonorrati 1475 – 1564 He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.
Michelangelo Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet. Designed the dome for St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome which served as a model when architects were designing the U.S. Capitol building Greatest achievement was his four year ordeal painting the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
David Michelangelo Buonarotti 1504 Marble Depicts a young King David before he challenges Goliath
15c 15c 16c What a difference a century makes! by Donatello by Michelangelo
The Pieta Michelangelo Buonarroti 1499 Marble The Popes as Patrons of the Arts
The Sistine Chapel Michelangelo Buonarroti
The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling Michelangelo Buonarroti
The Sistine Chapel: Details The Creation of the Heavens
The Sistine Chapel: Details Creation of Man (God giving life to Adam)
The Sistine Chapel: Details The Fall from Grace
The Sistine Chapel: Details The Last Judgment
Raffaello Sanzio ( ) Self-Portrait, 1506 Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518
Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael, Castiglione represented the humanist “gentleman” as a man of refinement and self-control.
Perspective!Perspective! Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael1504
Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna, 1507
Raphael’s Madonnas (1) Sistine Madonna Cowpepper Madonna
Madonna della Sedia Alba Madonna Raphael’s Madonnas (2)
The School of Athens – Raphael, One point perspective. All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included - all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts! A great variety of poses. Located in the papal apartments’ library. Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel. No Christian themes here.
The School of Athens – Raphael, Raphael Da Vinci Michelangelo
Aristotle: looks to this earth [the here and now]. Plato: looks to the heavens [or the IDEAL realm]. The School of Athens – Raphael
Averroes Hypatia Pythagoras
Zoroaster Ptolemy Euclid