Creating the New Nation: Washington and Adams

The World in 1789 US is surrounded by Monarchies US is knee-deep in trade with rest of the world –This makes isolationism unviable

The Coming Explosion— The French Revolution France is bankrupt from aiding us French King falls from power as a result. France vs. Europe ensues: Who will the US aid?

The USA in 1789

America in million Americans –New England: 26% of US Population. –Mid-Atlantic: 24% of US Population. –South: 47% of US Population –West: 3% of US Population.

Establishing a New Government Capital: New York Federalist Party Dominates Government Executive Departments: –Attorney General: Edmund Randolph –State: Thomas Jefferson –Treasury: Alexander Hamilton –War: Henry Knox The Judiciary Act of 1789 creates a Court System: –Supreme Court Circuit Courts (Appeals) –District Courts (Local)

US Circuit Courts In 1789 under the Judiciary Act

The Bill of Rights 10 Amendments to the Constitution Organized by James Madison In response to complaints during Ratification 2 Amendments don't pass!

Revenues and Debt Raising Revenues –Tariff Act of 1789 (Trade Tax) –Tonnage Act of 1789 (Tax on Ship Capacity)

Alexander Hamilton's Plan Create a National Bank It Consolidates National Debt with New Bonds Excise Taxes Ensure Debt Payments Bank Invests to Grow Economy PROFIT!!!! But Many Fear Corruption, Hate Banks!

Alexander Hamilton

Public Order and Foreign Rivals: The West : War with Natives in Ohio US initially whipped in 1791 Mad Anthony Wayne Organizes Legion of the United States –Victory at Fallen Timbers (1794) –Treaty of Greenville (1795) US gets most of Ohio Natives get some money

Public Order and Foreign Rivals: The Whiskey Rebellion Tax on Whiskey Crushes Pennsylvania Farmers Rebel! US Army Crushes Rebels No More Tax Rebellions

Public Order and Foreign Rivals: Britain and Spain War in Europe leads to seizing of our ships Jay’s Treaty (1794) –Settles issues with Britain Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795) –Settles issues with Spain

The Birth of Parties Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Federalism Triumphant At First Jefferson vs. Hamilton –The National Bank Affair –Narrow vs. Broad Construction of Constitution

Rise of Political Parties The Democratic- Republicans The Citizen Genet Affair “Democratic- Republican Societies” “Citizen” Edmond Genet

The 1796 Presidential Election

The John Adams’ Administration The First Partisan Election—1796 –Candidates chosen by caucus of party leaders –Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams Adams is president, but Jefferson is vice- president! John Adams = Cranky, non-partisan, leans Federalist but acts on his ideals, even if this = road to failure

The Quasi-War with France France vs. Britain; France seizes US ships to Britain XYZ Affair = US diplomats told to bribe to get to see French Foreign Minister, Talleyrand Americans go crazy Piracy vs. French and vice versa. Adams wants peace; Federalists want WAR

The Alien and Sedition Acts Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) = Limit immigration, criticism of government is a CRIME Jefferson and Hamilton—Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: States can nullify Federal laws! (States' Rights defense)

End of War Federalists wanted an army under Hamilton Adams and Democratic-Republicans didn't trust him High taxes for army; angers many. Franco-American Accord of 1800: Let's just all go home and stop –Army now not needed

Election of 1800 Adams vs. Jefferson Mud slinging like crazy High Taxes hurt Federalists Jefferson and Burr tie with 73 Electoral Votes; Adams definitely loses –Election to House of Representatives

Election of 1800