Unit 4, Day 2 Genetics & Human Development Thu, Jan 17 th (Block, 115 Min) Fri, Jan 18 th (Block, 100 Min)

Homework Due Today (0 min) - Stamp Mendelian Genetics YouTube Video Notes & Problems (35.F)

Daily Question (35.A) – 5 min Describe what your ideal child would look like and what they would be good at (or what they would care about) – sports, school, environment, family, etc. Why do you want these characteristics in your child?

Essential Skills and Knowledge (35.A) – 1 min 2.1.D (Mendelian Genetics) I can describe the genetic basis for Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment. 2.1.E (Punnett Squares) I can utilize Mendelian genetics to create and analyze monohybrid and dihybrid Punnett squares. 2.1.F (Phenotype and Genotype) I can predict the probably outcome of phenotypes in a genetic cross from the genotypes of the parents and mode of inheritance (autosomal or X-linked, dominant or recessive).

Homework CFU – 3 min Question #1 – Set up a monohybrid Punnett Square and answer the following problem: In guinea pigs, short hair, “S”, is dominant to long hair, “s”. One guinea pig is “Ss” and one is “ss”. What is the probability percentage of guinea pig offspring that will have short hair? Long hair? What is the probability percentage that the guinea pig offspring will be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive?

Homework CFU – 5 min Question #2 – Set up a DIHYBRID Punnett Square and answer the following problem: In guinea pigs, black fur, “B”, is dominant to white fur, “b”, and rough fur, “R”, is dominant to smooth fur, “r”. Cross a parent who is heterozygous for BOTH traits with a parent that is homozygous dominant for BOTH traits.

Investigation Before Explanation (6 min) Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock dYhttps:// dY We did Rock v. Paper in the video What would happen if things got more complex?

Just as that got complex… Genetics is more complex than Mendel thought There are a lot of exceptions to Mendelian genetics.

Incomplete Dominance (5 min) Teacher NotesStudent Practice Heterozygous genotype = phenotypes BLEND (dom. allele doesn’t fully inhibit) Cap, letters for both alleles! 1.WW (white) snapdragon X RR (red) snapdragon. Genotypes & phenotypes of offspring? 2.Two heterozygous snapdragons are crossed. Genotypes & phenotypes of offspring?

Codominance (5 min) Teacher NotesStudent Practice Heterozygous genotype = shows both phenotypes at the same time. Use capital letters for both alleles! 3.A black cat (BB) is crossed with a tan cat (TT). Genotypes & phenotypes? 4.A tabby cat (BT) is crossed with a tan cat (TT). Genotypes & phenotypes?

Polygenic Traits (5 min) Teacher Notes Det. by 2 or more gene pairs Ex: Immune system, skin color, hair, eyes, weight. Bell curve. 5.Flip a coin six times. Record number of heads and tails that result at your table. ▫______ T, _______ H 6.Class Data ▫0 T, 6 H: ▫1 T, 5 H: ▫2 T, 4 H: 3 T, 3 H: 4 T, 2 H: 5 T, 1 H: 6 T, 0 H:

Multiple Alleles (5 min) Teacher Notes More than 2 alleles for one trait exist Blood type ▫4 possible phenotypes: A, B, AB, O ▫3 alleles:  I A = Type A (dom)  I B = Type B (dom)  i = Type O (rec) 7.Homozygous Type A blood (I A I A ) X Homozygous Type B blood (I B I B ). Phenotype and genotypes of offspring? What is the result an example of? 8.Heterozygous A blood (I A i) X Heterozygous Type B blood (I B i). Phenotype and genotypes of offspring?

Karyotype

Sex-Linked Genes (5 min) Teacher NotesStudent Practice Female = XX Male = XY X-linked genes: hemophilia, red-green color blindness, etc. X A or X a 9.Child’s sex probability? 10.Female carrier of red-green color blindness (X A X a ) X male non-carrier (X A Y). Probability of boys/girls having it? Carriers? 11.Male with red-green color blindness (X a Y) X female non-carrier (X A X A ). Probability of boys/girls having it? Carriers?

Wrap-Up (2 min) Incomplete Dominance: Traits BLEND Codominance: Both phenotypes are shown Polygenic Traits: 2 or more gene PAIRS Multiple Alleles: More than 2 possible alleles for one trait Sex-Linked Traits: On the X chromosome ▫There are Y-linked traits (ear hair), but the Y chromosome is super small and it’s biggest purpose is to turn a female into a male (all of us start as females!)

Project Activity (30 min) Creating your baby! If you show the DOMINANT phenotype, assume you are HETEROZYGOUS. (Recessive = homozygous recessive) For polygenic traits (skin color, hair color, eye color): choose the most accurate one for you. There are some incomplete dominance traits: again, choose the most accurate one for you.

How to determine your child! To determine the allele you pass onto your child, flip a coin. In general, Heads = dominant, Tails = recessive. If you are homozygous recessive, you do not need to flip the coin (100% chance). Example: XX (mom) and XY (dad) ▫Only father flips, X = tails, Y = heads ▫Mom will always pass on X allele

Examples Round face (RR, Rr) and square face (rr) ▫You have a round face? Choose Rr, NOT RR ▫You have a square face? Choose rr. ▫If: Mom is Rr and Dad is rr  Mom flips heads  R  Dad doesn’t need to flip  r Curly hair (CC), Wavy (Cc), Straight (cc) ▫Mom = CC, Dad = Cc  Mom doesn’t need to flip  C  Dad flips tails  c Rr Cc

To determine YOUR polygenic traits… Skin ColorHair Color Very dark black (AABBCC) Very dark brown (AABBCc) Dark brown (AABbCc) Medium brown (AaBbCc) Light brown (AaBbcc) Light tan (Aabbcc) Pale white (aabbcc) Black (AABBCCDD) Very dark brown (AABBCCDd) Dark brown (AABBCcDd) Brown (AABbCcDd) Light brown (AaBbCcDd) Honey blond (AaBbCcdd) Blond (AaBbccdd) Very light blond (Aabbccdd) White (aabbccdd)

Examples Skin Color Mom is dark brown (AABbCc) ▫Mom doesn’t need to flip for “a” trait  A ▫Mom flips for “b” trait  B ▫Mom flips for “c” trait  c Dad is medium brown (AaBbCc) ▫Dad flips for “a” trait  a ▫Dad flips for “b” trait  B ▫Dad flips for “c” trait  c AaBBcc 3 Capitals = Medium Brown

Baby’s Name Must be appropriate There are several baby names that are actually illegal in our world. If need be, I can act as the legal authority. ▫Examples: Talula Does The Hula, Venerdi (Friday in Italian), Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116, Gesher (Bridge in Norwegian), Chow Tow, Smelly Miatt (didn’t show if boy or girl), Anus, Devil

If your partner is not in this class… You will compile your data later. Just do your coin flips!

When you are finished… Answer the conclusion questions on page 46!

Digital Portfolio You must scan or type up this document as your justification for your child’s appearance!

Work Time (30 min) Photos Journal Entries

Homework dp.davincischools.org/staff/blarkin ▫“Homework Spring ‘13” ▫Reproduction and Prenatal Development ▫Take notes, do questions ▫To make your life easier, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel Suggestion: begin working on child’s photos