Factors leading to the Growth of Industry Connections and Technology

First Turnpike Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Erie Canal System

Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

Principal Canals in 1840

Inland Freight Rates

The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR By 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

Clipper Ships

The Railroad Revolution, 1850s

The Railroad * 1st Transcontinental Railroad (1869 ) 5 more transcontinental lines by ,000 miles of lines

Consolidation Railroad companies joined together to form larger companies A few very wealthy individuals controlled the industry. The Railroad Barons C. Vanderbilt L. Stanford C. Huntington J. Hill

Railroad Improvements Standardized Tracks –known as Standard Gauge –Made all the tracks the same size so that rail lines could be connected throughout the country Air Brakes

Refrigerated Rail Cars Pullman Luxury Rail Cars –Sleeping Cars –Dining Cars Railroad Improvements

Led to the creation of standard time zones

Impact on Industry and the Economy Brought raw materials from the West to Factories in the East –Iron ore –Coal –Timber –Gold, Silver, Copper

Impact on Industry and the Economy Brought goods to be sold in the markets

Impact on Industry and the Economy Growth of industries that supplied the railroad companies with materials –Coal Industry –Steel Industry –Lumber

Impact on Industry and the Economy Provided Jobs –Need for tracks –Railroad workers

Land Exploitation of Natural Resources Iron Ore –Necessary for Making Steel –Bessemer Process made steel cheaper to produce so it could be more easily used –Uses: Railroad Machinery Barbed wire Food Packaging (cans) Bridges Buildings (Skyscrapers)

Land Exploitation of Natural Resources Coal –Used to power trains and factories –Was used to heat homes

Land Exploitation of Natural Resources Oil Edwin Drake developed a process for drilling oil from the ground

Crude Oil is refined and used in other products –Heating Oil –Gasoline –Kerosene for Lamps Land Exploitation of Natural Resources

Lumber

Land Exploitation of Natural Resources Mining of Gold and Silver provided wealth for people to invest in business

Technological Innovations Inventors and Inventions Thousands of Inventions in the 19 th century helped to mechanize and improve manufacturing America moved from water and steam power to internal combustion engines and electricity

Technological Innovations Inventors and Inventions Patents- –provides an inventor with the exclusive right to manufacture the invented item Inventor can also sell the right to manufacture the item to someone else Gives an inventor an incentive to come up with a new invention

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (1876)

Henry Bessemer –English businessman William Kelly –Kentucky businessman –Developed new way of making steel: The Bessemer Process Melt iron, add carbon, remove impurities

George Pullman Luxury Railroad

Thomas Alva Edison “Wizard of Menlo Park” – had more than 1000 patents

The Light Bulb

The Phonograph (1877)

The Motion Picture Camera

Thaddeus Lowe Refrigerated Rail Cars

The Airplane Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

Sholes, Glidden, and Soule Typewriter

George Eastman Camera