Chapter 1 : Uncovering the Past
Chapter 1 Section 1 History – study of the past A battle that happened 5,000 years ago and an election that happened yesterday are both parts of history. Historians want to know how people lived and why they did the things they did. They wanted to know how and where they worked, fought, traded, farm and worship.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Culture – knowledge, beliefs, customs and values of a group Archaeology – study of the past based on what was left behind Archaeologist explore places where people once lived, worked or fought Things that people may have left behind include jewelry, dishes or weapons.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Famous saying – “Those who forget their past are doomed to repeat it.” People who ignore the results of past decisions often make the same mistakes over and over.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Benefits of Studying History Helps us understand the world today and make better decisions in the future Helps us know ourselves, others and the world.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fossil – a part or imprint of something that once was alive Artifacts – objects created by and used by humans : ex. coins, arrowheads, toys and pottery
Chapter 1 Section 1 Primary sources – account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnessed the event A journal of a soldier in the Civil War.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Secondary sources – information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event History textbooks, magazine articles and encyclopedias They gather information about events from different sources.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Geography – study of the Earth’s physical and cultural features Physical Geography – study of the Earth’s land and features Landforms – mountains, valleys, plains, rivers, deserts and other features
Chapter 1 Section 2 Climate – pattern of weather conditions in a certain area for a long period of time Climate is not the same as weather. Weather is the conditions at a specific time and place
Chapter 1 Section 2 Environment – all living and nonliving things that affect life in an area
Chapter 1 Section 2 Human Geography – study different things about people and their cultures ex – work, food, religions, homes Human geography also deals with how the environment affects people ex – people settle near rivers
Chapter 1 Section 2 Location – exact description of where something is Maps – People have been making maps for more than 4,000 years. Region – area with one or more features that make it different from surrounding areas
Chapter 1 Section 2 Resources – materials found in the Earth that people need and value Early times, essential resources included water, animals, fertile land and stones for tools. The world’s first societies formed along rivers. Crops could be grown better on the fertile land along the rivers.