AP American History Review: Brinkley: Chapters 6 and 7 (And a little of Ch. 5) Review: Brinkley: Chapters 6 and 7 (And a little of Ch. 5)

Ch 6: Constitution and the New Republic Page 158

Declaration Constitution of Independence A radical document Stating rights of men That people have a right to revolution if government becomes abusive A radical document Stating rights of men That people have a right to revolution if government becomes abusive A conservative document Fear of unrestrained popular power Shay’s rebellion A conservative document Fear of unrestrained popular power Shay’s rebellion

Topics Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 1787 Federalists versus Anti – Federalists Separation of Powers/checks and balances Bill of Rights Hamilton’s Report on Manufacture Foreign and domestic problems Political Parties John Adam’s Presidency: see topic outline Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 1787 Federalists versus Anti – Federalists Separation of Powers/checks and balances Bill of Rights Hamilton’s Report on Manufacture Foreign and domestic problems Political Parties John Adam’s Presidency: see topic outline

Constitutional Convention of 1787 Philadelphia James Madison 1) solved question of sovereignty 2) separation of powers to prevent tyranny a) federal structure b) checks and balances – 3 branches 3) Bill of Rights added later in 1791 under pressure from Anti - federalists Philadelphia James Madison 1) solved question of sovereignty 2) separation of powers to prevent tyranny a) federal structure b) checks and balances – 3 branches 3) Bill of Rights added later in 1791 under pressure from Anti - federalists

Federalists vs. Anti - Federalists

Federalists: “Centralizers” “Why has government been instituted at all? Because the passions of men will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice, without constraint.” Alexander Hamilton How does this quote reflect the ideas of Hamilton and the Federalists? How is it the opposite of of sentiments expressed in the Declaration of Independence? “Why has government been instituted at all? Because the passions of men will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice, without constraint.” Alexander Hamilton How does this quote reflect the ideas of Hamilton and the Federalists? How is it the opposite of of sentiments expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

Federalists Anti – Federalists “Battle between two fears” Alexander Hamilton Feared unchecked power of masses Mistrust of human nature Wanted large central government Report on Manufacture Alexander Hamilton Feared unchecked power of masses Mistrust of human nature Wanted large central government Report on Manufacture Thomas Jefferson Feared large, tyrannical government Concerned that the Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights Thomas Jefferson Feared large, tyrannical government Concerned that the Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights

Strict Construction: interprets the Constitution as narrowly as possible Plessy v Ferguson (1896) Interpreted the 14 th amendment (= protection under the law and citizenship) to allow “separate but equal” Plessy v Ferguson (1896) Interpreted the 14 th amendment (= protection under the law and citizenship) to allow “separate but equal”

Loose construction: Constitution as a “living document”: Constitution must change to meet current needs Roe v. Wade Legalized abortion by interpreting the Constitution to include privacy rights. Joined together the 4 th, 9th and 14 th amendments to give women this right. Roe v. Wade Legalized abortion by interpreting the Constitution to include privacy rights. Joined together the 4 th, 9th and 14 th amendments to give women this right.

Jefferson’s vision Felt a nation of small farmers with some industry was best He feared large cities and masses of property - less workers packed in cities Envisioned decentralized society with small property owners working in farming (agrarian activities) Universal education based on scientific rationalism of the Enlightenment Felt a nation of small farmers with some industry was best He feared large cities and masses of property - less workers packed in cities Envisioned decentralized society with small property owners working in farming (agrarian activities) Universal education based on scientific rationalism of the Enlightenment

Federalists: Hamilton, Madison, Jay

Anti-Federalists: Jefferson, Monroe, Adams Feared unchecked power Wanted a Bill of Rights Feared unchecked power Wanted a Bill of Rights

Jefferson’s vision of America: A nation of virtuous, small farmers

Hamilton’s vision: Industrial development, manufacturing

Hamilton’s report on manufacture Envisioned a strong industrialized country with a strong central government A national deficit that was funded National bank Subsidies to business Envisioned a strong industrialized country with a strong central government A national deficit that was funded National bank Subsidies to business

To what extent has America incorporated Jeffersonian(anti- fed)/Hamiltonian (fed) ideals ? Hamilton Jefferson