Unit 1 Colonialization to Constitution Day 1: The Origins of Colonialization

September 10, 2013 Agenda Today we will answer the following questions…. 1. Why did the early colonies fail? 2. What lessons did the colonists learn from the early colonists to make Plymouth a success? 3. What makes a successful colony?

Early Colonial Experiments 1. Roanoke British king granted a charter to establish a colony in the Americas. Reasons to settle: Needed an American base to attack Spanish ships and cities Needed supply stations for trading ships New markets Homeland becoming too crowded Disaster: the settlers abandoned the colony and returned home

Early Colonial Experiments 2. Jamestown About 100 colonists were sent to Virginia to start a new colony. Reasons for near-failure Settlers not used to doing hard work and had come to get rich quick The site for the colony was a swamp with disease infested mosquitoes Poor leadership – argued about even minor issues In 1609, the colony reorganized. A governor was appointed by the king Created the House of Burgesses: a legislature made up of representatives from the colony to make laws

Early Colonial Experiments 3. Plymouth Colony – 1620 Established by a group of Separatists – those who left the Church of England – looking for a place to be free to worship Learning from Jamestown – they wrote the Mayflower Compact before leaving the boat The Compact was an agreement to obey all of their government’s laws. Succeeded in keeping them together Most successful example of self-government

GROUP TIME… ACTIVITY: IN YOUR GROUPS, DISCUSS WHAT MAKES A SUCCESSFUL COLONY? WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THE BACK OF YOUR NOTESHEET.

Mercantilism  The Purpose of Mercantilism is for a mother nation to collect as much gold as possible. By creating colonies, nations expand their ability to make money. Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country. The American colonies served as a source of raw materials and trading markets for Great Britain.

Triangular Trade Once the colonies were established, Great Britain began to develop trade routes. Triangular Trade: trade between American, Europe and Africa America: raw materials Europe: finished goods Africa: African slaves

French and Indian War  First land war in America lasted until 1763 Fought between colonists/British and French/Indian allies Colonists led by George Washington  Ended with the Treaty of Paris France gave up Canada and all land east of Mississippi River France kept New Orleans

Paying for the War  The French and Indian War was costly to Great Britain Great financial burden on Great Britain Britain lost the respect of the American Colonists  British did not defeat the French easily.  Colonists saw the weaknesses of the British military.

Changing British Policies  In 1760, Britain got a new King – George III.  With the new king came the end to salutary neglect Designed a plan to repay the debt caused by the French and Indian War Included new taxes and fees to raise money

End of Colonialization  By 1774, the colonists has had enough of British rule  They began to question whether Britain should be able to rule them without their representation in Parliament “No Taxation without Representation” The colonists adopted measures such as British boycotts and a call to form militias and arm themselves.

Exit Questions 1. What lessons did the colonists learn from their early colonists to make Plymouth a success? 2. What is the purpose of Mercantilism? 3. Why did the British end their policy of salutary neglect?