GILDED AGE CULTURE Unit VIC AP United States History

Gilded Age Religion ► ► American Christians focused values toward consequences of industrialization and urbanization   Social Gospel ► ► Increases   Catholics, Jews ► ► New Christian Sects   Christian Science ► ► Spiritual life over material   Pentecostals ► ► Baptism in spirit; speaking in tongues   Salvation Army   Jehovah’s Witnesses ► ► Millenialist

Temperance and Reform ► ► Alcohol and vices blamed for urban problems ► ► Regulating Morality   Comstock Law (1873) ► ► Temperance Organizations   National Prohibition Party (1869)   Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) (1874) ► ► Frances E. Willard   Antisaloon League (1893)   Carrie Nation ► ► “Hatchetations” ► ► Reform Groups   Planned parenthood   Humane societies   Anti-prostitution

Gilded Age Academics ► ► Educational Reforms   Compulsory Education ► ► Most states required 8-14 year olds to attend schools   Kindergartens   Public Education ► ► Dramatic increase in high schools and adult education ► ► Comprehensive education ► ► Led to 90% literacy rate   Colleges and Universities ► ► Increased through federal legislation and philanthropy ► ► Science   Darwin and Natural Selection (Evolution)   Technological Innovation ► ► Social Sciences   Scientific method applied to behavioral sciences   Development of psychology, sociology, political science ► ► William James’s Principles of Psychology

Gilded Age Entertainment and Leisure ► ► Causes   Urbanization, less working hours, advertisements ► ► Vaudevilles   Popularized with family-friendly subjects and material ► ► Saloons ► ► Amusement Parks   Coney Island ► ► Circus   P.T. Barnum ► ► Sports   Spectator ► ► Baseball, boxing, football, basketball   Amateur ► ► Golf, tennis

Realism and Naturalism ► ► Realism   Objective reality   Depict accurate and true characters and settings   Absent of emotional embellishment ► ► Naturalism   Depiction of objects in natural settings   Time and place accuracy Brooklyn Bridge at Night Edward Willis Redfield 1909

Gilded Age Art ► ► Ashcan School   Depiction of New York City urban life   George Bellows ► ► James M. Whistler ► ► Winslow Homer ► ► Mary Cassatt Both Members of This Club George Bellows 1909

Winslow Homer’s Breezing Up

George Bellow’s New York

James Whistler’s Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (Whistler’s Mother) (1871)

Mary Cassat’s The Child’s Bath (1893)

Gilded Age Architecture ► ► Victorian Influence   Henry Hobson Richardson ► ► Louis Sullivan   “Father of Skyscrapers”   “form follows function” ► ► Frank Lloyd Wright   “organic architecture” ► ► Foursquare Homes

Richardson’s Trinity Church

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater

Foursquare Home

Gilded Age Press and Literature ► ► Press   Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World & William Randolph Hearst ► ► Sensationalism and scandals   Magazines ► ► Editorial style based on investigative journalism ► ► Forum ► ► Non-Fiction   Toward facts, investigations, American expansion   Helen Hunt Jackson’s A Century of Dishonor (1881)   Alfred Thayer Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power on History (1890)   Josiah Strong’s Our Country ► ► Literature   Authors focused on character development and realism over plot   Lewis Wallace ► ► Ben-Hur: A Tale of Christ   Mark Twain ► ► The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ► ► The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today   Stephen Crane ► ► The Red Badge of Courage   Jack London ► ► The Call of the Wild; White Fang

Gilded Age Music ► ► Mainstream Music   John Philip Sousa – The March King ► ► The Washington Post ► ► Stars and Stripes Forever ► ► Semper Fidelis   Screamers – Circus Marches ► ► Entry of the Gladiators ► ► Circus Bee ► ► Popular Music   Ragtime ► ► Originated from black communities combining African syncopation and classical music ► ► Scott Joplin   Maple Leaf Rag   The Entertainer   The Blues ► ► Originated c from Deep South based on ballads among slaves ► ► Lyrics mostly soulful and melancholy