VTPBiS Targeted Training Presented by: The VTPBiS Trainers

Opening Activity As a Team, identify your top PBIS accomplishments and challenges since rolling out PBIS. Designate someone to introduce your team and name one top accomplishment and challenge.

Agenda Sustaining the Universal Effort Overview of Targeted Level Developing Systems at the Targeted Level Selecting Targeted Practices/Interventions ▫Check-In/Check-Out and Teacher Check, Connect and Expect ▫Function of Behavior and FBA ▫Other Targeted Interventions ▫Exploring Universal Screening Using Data to assess student need, targeted practices and to monitor fidelity of implementation

BEST Expectations: Targeted Training Teaching Matrix

Training Supports: Training format – presentation, team work, questions and processing Materials – power point, flash drives, Targeted Level Implementation Workbook, web site Tools – Benchmarks of Advanced Tiers, CICO Assessment/Action Plan Team roles (facilitator, recorder, reporter, other) Team Norms Role of Coordinator and Coach Support from Trainers (Cups)

VTPBiS Signal for Help: Help Us Help You = We’re all set. No help needed. = We need help, but can continue with our work. = HELP! We can’t continue with our work.

Differentiate based on your experience Foundations: Think about how you plan to accomplish the work. Full Implementation: Think about how to make it easy, better, more effective. Sustainability: Think about how to continue the practice and ensure sustainability.

Emphasis on Prevention! School-wide/Primary ▫Prevent problem behaviors Secondary/Targeted ▫Reduce current problem behaviors Intensive/Tertiary ▫Reduce complications, intensity, severity of problem behaviors

SYSTEMS PRACTICES DATA Supporting Staff Behavior Supporting Decision Making Supporting Student Behavior OUTCOMES Social Competence & Academic Achievement

Why is PBIS an Example of Response to Intervention (RtI)? Investment in prevention Universal Screening Multi-tiered, prevention-based intervention approach Progress monitoring Use of problem-solving process at all 3-tiers Active use of data for decision-making at all 3-tiers Research-based practices expected at all 3-tiers Individual and group interventions commensurate with assessed level of need

Intensive, Individual Interventions Individual Students Assessment-based Intense, durable procedures 1-5% 5-10% 100% Intensive, Individual Interventions Individual Students Assessment-based High Intensity Targeted Group Interventions Some students High efficiency Rapid response Targeted Group Interventions Some students High efficiency Rapid response Universal Interventions All students Preventive, proactive Universal Interventions All settings, all students Preventive, proactive Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success Academic SupportSupportBehavioral Integrated Response to Intervention +

Tier 1 SWPBS Tier I Group Interventions CICO Skills groups Group Interventions w/function-based modifications Function-based Support Comprehensive Supports Tier II Tier III Anger Mgmt group Peer Tutors Study Skills School Mentors

When to Consider Targeted Interventions? When universal systems are not sufficient to impact behavior When students display chronic patterns of disruptive behavior When concerns arise regarding students’ academic or social behavior

Using data to determine when to consider targeted interventions…

Using the Referrals by Student report as a Universal Screening Tool 16

Activity # 1 Discuss Now: If up to 15% of Your Students need something more, how many students would that be in your school? Review your ODR data. (If SWIS, look at “referrals by student graph”.) What percentage of your students receive 3-5 ODRs. Calculate based on your school enrollment?

Plan to sustain the Universal Level Systems, Data and Practices Who’s missing from the team? How can you increase your team’s visibility? How will you use data to plan? What competing initiatives (ie., school improvement activities) do you need to align with PBIS? Who will plan Universal roll-out for next year? What will roll-out be for staff, students, and families?

Activity # 2 Planning to Sustain Universal PBIS As a Team, answer the questions above and complete the following: ▫Review your school’s SET and answer questions 1- 3 in Benchmarks for Advanced Tiers (BAT) ▫Complete the VTPBiS Universal Action Plan for Sustainability.

Universal Systems Check

What is a Targeted Intervention? An intervention (or set of interventions) known by all staff and available for students during the school day. Interventions provide additional student support in academic, organizational, and/ or social support areas.

Targeted interventions are… Best for low level problem behavior (e.g. talk- outs, minor disruption, task completion); Efficient because they use the same or similar practices for groups of students that do not need to be individualized for each student. Effective because they focus on decreasing problem behavior thereby increasing academic engagement and decreasing office discipline referrals.

Critical Features Meets the needs of groups of students Does not require individualizing for each student Uses positive approach Everyone knows about it Let’s students opt out Involves parents Based on function of behavior (get or avoid) Has some clear evidence that it works Has system resources (team and administrator support)

Which students might need Targeted Level supports? Possible Categories of Risk: Multiple disciplinary referrals Attendance/late to school Frequent nurse visits Homework not completed Behavior concerns not addressed through discipline system (e.g. social withdrawal, internalizing) Other

Data Supporting Decision Making Systems Supporting Staff Behavior Practices Supporting Student Behavior OUTCOMES

“Necessary Conversations” within a Multi-Tiered Framework Sept. 1, 2009 Tier II – Targeted Systems Planning: Procedures for Referral & Evaluation Communicate with Staff & Families Targeted Student Planning: Place in targeted interventions Evaluate & Monitor Student Progress Tier I – Universal Level: Plans School-Wide Supports (6 components of PBIS) Tier III – Intensive SU Level: Secure resources Focus on student outcomes Focus on Fidelity of Implementation measures across the district Intensive Student Planning: Completes FBA/BIP Facilitates Wraparound Evaluate & Monitor Student Progress Could responsibilities of an existing team (EST/SST/etc.) be shifted?

Targeted Planning has Two Purposes: 1.Systems level design and accountability (this is often an additional function of the Universal Team) 2.Individual student intervention planning and monitoring

Targeted Planning - System Creates procedures for all targeted interventions (not individual students). Communicates to staff and families. Links between Targeted and Universal systems

Targeted Planning - for student planning and referral Meets weekly or bi-weekly to review student referrals and place student on CICO (unless otherwise specified) Communicates with staff and parents about student Evaluates student progress, needed plan change and exit from intervention Members include a coordinator, individual skilled in function-based behavior support planning, administrator.

Targeted System for Behavior and EST Considerations EST and PBIS Targeted student planning team may be a separate or combined team but should not be duplicative. Develop your PBIS targeted system to fit within your school’s context. Goal: “Work smarter, not harder!”

Role of Administrator Administrator needs to…. ▫Know what the practices look like when implemented with fidelity; ▫Be aware of data using tracking tools; help decide what needs to change; ▫Be active/visible on teams; ▫Troubleshoot systems level issues.

Role of School-based Behavior Coordinator Facilitates weekly targeted student meetings Active member of implementation team and student planning team Attend regional coordinator meetings and trainings Prioritizes students for Team meeting Prioritizes requests for service Creates graphs for meetings Facilitates meetings Maintains records

Role of Supervisory Union/District Coordinator Builds capacity to implement effective practices ▫Focus on student outcomes ▫Focus on fidelity of implementation of effective practices across District/Supervisory Union. ▫Align SU/district systems, data and practices.

Activity # 3 What is your Team Structure? Review Team Norms and Roles. Complete the Team Profile. Determine the most effective and efficient team structure for Targeted Level supports at the system level and at the individual student level. Complete the questions 4-6 in Benchmarks for Advanced Tiers

Targeted Behavior Purpose Statement Example: To effectively and efficiently match children who have not responded to universal interventions with targeted strategies more likely to produce successful outcomes.

Activity # 4 Write your Targeted Behavior Purpose Statement. How will people know it?

Systems Supporting Staff Behavior Practices Supporting Student Behavior OUTCOMES Data Supporting Decision Making

Problems at Schools Struggling readers Can’t read at all Letter/word reversal Comprehension difficulties Memorization difficulties Retention problems English language learners Lack of number recognition Math fact deficits Homework completion Sloppy work Test anxiety Oral reading fluency Poor writing skills Fights Property destruction Weapons violation Violence toward teachers Tobacco use Drug use Alcohol use Insubordination Noncompliance Late to class Truancy Inappropriate language Harassment Trespassing Vandalism Verbal abuse

Interventions with an Evidence Base 1.Advance organizers 2.Anger Management Skills Training 3.Behavioral Interventions 4.Choice 5.Class Wide Peer Tutoring 6.Cognitive organizers 7.Cognitive Restructuring 8.Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 9.Computer-Assisted Instruction 10.Contingency Management 11.Daily Behavior Report Cards 12.Exposure-Based Techniques 13.Family Therapy 14.Functional Assessment 15.Functional Communication Training 16.Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 17.Interdependent Group-Oriented Contingency Management 18.Interpersonal Therapy for Adolescents 19.Milieu Language Teaching 20.Mnemonics 21.Modeling 22.Modified Task Presentation Strategies 23.Moral Motivation Training 24.Multimodal Interventions 25.Multi-systemic Therapy 26.Opportunities to respond 27.Pacing 28.Parent Training 29.Peer Mediated Interventions 30.Peer tutoring 31.Peer-Mediated Conflict Resolution and Negotiation 32.Picture Exchange Communication System 33.Pivotal Response Training 34.Pre-correction 35.Presentation Strategies 36.Problem Solving 37.Procedural prompts and behavioral momentum 38.Replacement Behavior Training 39.Self instruction 40.Self mediated strategies 41.Self monitoring 42.Self-Management 43.Social Skills Training 44.Task Modification 45.Task Selection Strategies 46.Token Economy System 47.Verbal Mediation 48.Video Modeling

Examples: Targeted Group Interventions Based on Functions of Behavior Access Adult Attention/Support: Check-In/Check-Out Adult Mentoring Programs Access Peer Attention/Support: Social Skills Instruction Peer Mentoring Self-Monitoring with Peer Support (function: academic task escape) Academic Skills Support Organization/Homework planning support Homework completion club Tutoring

Social Skills Instruction Matching Interventions to Deficit Types most social skills studies deliver a treatment to children with an almost complete disregard for the types of social skills deficits children may have (Gresham, 1998) consider acquisition vs. performance deficits

Programming for Successful Social Skills Instruction Interventions should be implemented as planned or intended Plan to adequately program for generalization & maintenance Match instructional procedures to specific types of deficits Target socially valid behaviors

Cautions regarding Social Skills Instruction Address Generalization & Maintenance Issues Functional approach is needed to program for generalization & maintenance (Horner & Billingsley, 1998) one reason so many socially skilled behaviors fail to generalize is the newly taught skill is masked or overpowered by older and stronger competing behaviors

Social Skills Basics Social skills curriculum must match the specific need. An ideal curriculum does not exist. Basic set of “Preferred Teaching Practices” exists. Initially, learning how to teach social skills takes time and energy.

Characteristics of all Targeted Interventions 1)explicitly teaching expected behavior to the student 2)structured prompts for appropriate behavior 3)opportunities to practice skills 4) opportunities for positive feedback 5)strategies for fading support as the student gains new skills 6)system for communicating with parents 7)regular Data for Monitoring student progress Keys to Changing Behavior

Self-Management Teach self-monitoring & targeted social skills simultaneously Practice self-monitoring until students accurately self-monitor at 80% or better Periodic checks on accuracy It is not simply giving students a self-evaluation check-list, we must teach and practice to fluency and reinforce both accurate self- evaluation and appropriate behavior

Mentoring Focus on “connections” at school ▫Not monitoring work ▫Not to “nag” regarding behavior Staff volunteer ▫Not in classroom ▫No administrators Match student to volunteer ▫10 minutes minimum per week Emphasize the importance of being ready to meet with student on a regular, predictable, and consistent basis. Goal is not to become a “friend,” but a positive adult role model who expresses sincere and genuine care for the student

Peer Tutoring Tutors must be taught how to teach Tutors must be taught what to do if tutee does not comply Tutors must be given the option to drop out at any time without penalty Initially, peer tutoring should be undertaken only with close and on-going teacher supervision to ensure success

Academic Support Homework ▫If data indicate it doesn’t come back, build in-school homework support Supplemental Instruction ▫Direct additional instruction along with current classroom teaching Differentiated Instruction ▫Strategies to engage diverse learners Accommodation ▫Within instruction Emphasize the need to identify and intervene early before students fall behind – routine screening using curriculum based measures to identify students early

Check-In/Check-Out or Teacher Check Connect and Expect Daily positive adult contact Daily progress report provides increased attention to behavioral goals Collaborative team-based process Home-school partnership Must have system in place for referral, behavior monitoring, and coordination.

Important to Note! Common misperception is that these strategies will “fix” the student and the classroom teacher does not need to be an active participant since “specialists” or outside staff are often involved in the intervention – Important to stress that these interventions will require involvement of ALL staff within the school building.

So Tell Us…. What are you currently implementing for Targeted interventions?

Activity # 5 With your Team, complete the Inventory of informal and formal targeted supports or systems for students who do not respond to School-Wide PBIS.

Targeted Behavior Training Status Check. Have you: Reviewed your school data to identify student population eligible for targeted interventions? Answered BAT questions 1-3? Completed your PBIS Universal Action Plan for Sustainability? Completed your School Profile and answered BAT questions 4-6? Finished your Targeted Behavior Purpose Statement? Completed Inventory of Targeted Practices?