1. Mike W. Olson RTI

2. RTI is… 2 the practice of providing high-quality instruction/intervention matched to student needs and using learning rate over time and level of performance to inform educational decisions

3. RTI Process 3 What might it look like in practice?

4. What does RTI implementation look like? 4 1. Students receive high quality, research-based instruction by qualified staff in their general education setting. 2. General education instructors and staff assume an active role in students’ assessment in that curriculum. 3. School staff conduct universal screening of (a) academics and (b) behavior. 4. School staff implement specific, research-based interventions to address the student’s difficulties.

5. Other features of RTI 5 5. Continuous progress monitoring of student performance occurs (weekly or biweekly). 6. School staff use progress-monitoring data and decision rules to determine interventions’ effectiveness and needed modifications. 7. Systematic assessment of the fidelity or integrity with which instruction and interventions are implemented.

6. 6 Tier I Tier II Tier III Universal intervention: Available to all students Example: Additional classroom literacy instruction Individualized Intervention: Students who need additional support than peers are given individual intervention plans. Example: Supplemental peer tutoring in reading to increase reading fluency Intensive Intervention: Students whose intervention needs are greater than general education can meet may be referred for more intensive services. Example: Special Education

7. RTI Decision Making Process 7 What is the problem? Why is it happening? What should be done about it? Did it work? Estimate the academic skill gap between the student and typically- performing peers Determine the likely reason(s) for the student’s depressed academic performance Select a scientifically-based intervention likely to improve the student's academic functioning Monitor academic progress frequently to evaluate the impact of the intervention *If the student fails to respond to several well- implemented interventions, consider a referral to Special Education *

8. Implementing RTI: Next Steps 8 1. Adopt evidence-based intervention strategies. 2. Train staff to collect frequent progress- monitoring data. 3. Develop building-level intervention programs to address common academic concerns. 4. Establish a building intervention team. 5. Align Current Intervention & Assessment Efforts With 3-Tier Model.

9. Summary RTI provides a framework for improving schools across all content areas. Literacy and behavior support behaviors are linked. Good teaching is associated with improved social behavior Good behavior support is associated with improved minutes in academic engagement, and improved academic outcomes. Schools are able to implement both academic and social interventions on a school-wide basis. Effective practices are seldom implemented well and sustained for long periods without strong administrative support.

10. Academic SystemsBehavioral Systems 1-5% 5-10% 80-90% Intensive, Individual Interventions Individual Students Assessment-based High Intensity Intensive, Individual Interventions Individual Students Assessment-based Intense, durable procedures Targeted Group Interventions Some students (at-risk) High efficiency Rapid response Targeted Group Interventions Some students (at-risk) High efficiency Rapid response Universal Interventions All students Preventive, proactive Universal Interventions All settings, all students Preventive, proactive RTI Includes: Academic Systems and Behavioral Systems (PBIS)

11. Reading Fluency Probes: Example 11 Examiner CopyStudent Copy

12. Reading Interventions: Comprehension Maze Fluency Letter Sounds Nonsense Word Fluency Read Naturally Phonemic Awareness Sounds (beginning, middle, end) Rhyme Alliteration Phonics Letter and Sound Recognition Vocabulary Word Identification Word Meaning Categorization Word Classes Antonyms Synonyms Homonyms Homophones

13. Math Interventions: Early Numeracy Number ID Fluency Probes Missing Number ID Fluency Probes Quantity Discrimination Fluency Probes Basic Facts Teaching Math Facts with Probes Addition Fluency Probes Subtraction Fluency Probes Multiplication Fluency Probes Division Fluency Probes Multiple Skills Fluency Probes Flash Cards Incremental Rehearsal Mix and Easy and Challenging Problems Facts Self-Monitoring Problem-Solving Problem Solving 4-step Approach Self-Correction Checklist Other Fractions Percentages Rounding

14. Why is RTI now being adopted by schools? 14 Congress passed the revised Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) in 2004. This Federal legislation provides the guidelines that schools must follow when identifying children for special education services. Based on the changes in IDEIA 2004, the US Department of Education (USDE) updated its regulations to state education departments. The new USDE regulations: Explicitly ALLOW states to use RTI to identify LD FORBID states from forcing schools to use a ‘discrepancy model’ to identify LD