Figure 3-1 Twisted-pair wire anatomy Shielded twisted pair (two pair) Outer Jacket Braided shield Foil shield Twisted Pairs Unshielded twisted pair (four pair) Twisted Pair Plastic insulation Outer Jacket Overall shield Twisted Pair ScTP (a hybrid UTP) shielded

Figure 3-2 Coaxial cable anatomy A CD B

Figure 3-3 Fiber-optic cable anatomy Buffer coating Core Cladding microns microns microns microns Single-modeMultimode

Figure 3- 4 Single and Multimode Fiber-optical connectors ST ConnectorSC Connector MultimodeSingle-Mode

Figure 3-5 Bypass PBX Data Central Office Business Bypass Before Bypass

Figure 3-6 A LAN interconnect using microwave Business LAN Microwave

Figure 3-7 Satellite Coverage Earth’s Surface GEO 35,900 km MEO 10,400 km LEO km MEO LEO

Figure 3-8 LEO, MEO, GEO relative orbit levels GEO MEO LEO

Figure 3-9 The electro-magnetic spectrum 30,000 MHz 3000 MHz 300 MHz 30 MHz 3 MHz 300 kHz 30 kHz 3 kHz SHF UHF VHF Short Wave MF LF VLF Satellite Ka Band (19-22 GHz) Satellite KU Band ( GHz) Satellite C Band ( GHz) UHF TV Broadcast VHF TV Channels 7-13 ( MHz) FM Radio Broadcast (88-106MHzz) VHF TV Channels (54-82 MHz) CB Radio Channels (27 MHz) AM Radio Broadcast ( MHz) SHF – Super High Frequency UHF – Ultra High Frequency VHF – Very High Frequency MF – Medium Frequency LF – Low Frequency VLF – Very Low Frequency

Figure 3-10 A VSAT system VSAT Master Station Host Computer VSAT Terminal Earth Station VSAT Terminal GEO Satellite

Figure 3-11 WiFi anatomy Cable/DSL Modem ISP (Internet Service Provider) ATA Access Point Wireless PCs Wired PCs VoIP Phones Internet

Figure 3-12 WiMAX anatomy ISP Network WiMAX Transmitter Non Line-of-site Transmission Internet Residence or Business Line-of-site Back Haul WiMAX Transmitter Line-of-site Back Haul Customer’s Receiver Customer’s Receiver connects to Router/Access Point inside home.

Chapter 03 [FIG]Figure 3-1 Twisted-pair wire anatomy [FIG]Figure 3-2 Coaxial cable anatomy [FIG]Figure 3-3 Fiber-optic cable Anatomy [FIG]Figure 3-4 Single-mode and multimode connectors [FIG]Figure 3-5 Bypass [FIG]Figure 3-6 A LAN interconnection using microwave [FIG]Figure 3-7 Satellite Footprints [FIG]Figure 3-8 LEO, MEO, GEO relative orbit levels [FIG]Figure 3-9 The Electro-Magnetic Spectrum [FIG]Figure 3-10 VSAT system [FIG]Figure 3-11 WiFi anatomy [FIG]Figure 3-12 WiMAX anatomy