Ch. 13: Manifest Destiny (1818-1853) P. 351

Lesson 1: The Oregon Country P. 354

Rivalry in the Northwest Oregon Country: claimed by 4 countries United States Great Britain Spain Russia

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819: Spain gives up FL, claims to Oregon 1824: Russia gives up its claim to land south of Alaska Britain & U.S.: joint occupation of Oregon

Mountain Men in Oregon American Fur Company: Oregon Country’s leading fur company (beaver pelts) Over time, some mountain men moved to Oregon & settled on farms Others carve out passages, guide settlers west Oregon Trail, California Trail, Santa Fe Trail, etc.

Oregon and Manifest Destiny Marcus & Narcissa: missionaries, built a mission among the Cayuse people in present-day Washington Measles epidemic kills many Cayuse children Cayuse blame the Whitmans 1847: Cayuse kill the Whitmans & 11 others Massacre does not scare away other emigrants in their prairie schooners

Oregon and Manifest Destiny (cont.) It is America’s “Manifest Destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us.” 1844 presidential election James Polk (Democrat): “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” Polk wins, becomes 11th president (1845-1849) 1846: U.S. and Britain compromise Oregon’s northern border set at 49˚ N latitude

Lesson 2: Statehood for Florida and Texas P. 359

Florida Floridians vote to seek statehood 1839: FL constitution sent to U.S. Congress for approval Allowed slavery (problem) Called for a system of public schools 1845: FL becomes slave state (27th state); Iowa becomes free state

Texas 1821: Mexico wins independence from Spain, includes Texas Texas: small population (mainly Native Americans & Tejanos) Mexicans offer land to people who would bring families to settle there Americans go, supposed to become Mexican citizens Outnumber Mexicans Tejanos break Mexicans’ rules Don’t learn Spanish Don’t become Catholic Use slaves

Texas (cont.) 1830: Mexico issues decree Closes borders to further immigration Texans: break away from Mexico? 1835: Mexican General Santa Anna leads army into Texas

The Alamo Feb 1836: ~180 Texans barricade themselves inside the Alamo Leaders: Davy Crockett, William B. Travis, Jim Bowie Hold off Mexicans for 13 days March 6: Mexicans enter Alamo, kill all rebels (exc. a few women, children & servants) “Remember the Alamo!”

Texas Declares its Independence March 2, 1836: Republic of Texas established April 21, 1836: Sam Houston surprises Mexicans at Battle of San Jacinto, killing or capturing almost everyone May 14, 1836: Santa Anna signs treaty recognizing Texan independence September 1836: Sam Houston elected as president of Texas Wants U.S. to annex Texas Jackson refuses (not another slave state) 1845: Polk annexes Texas

Quiz Topics Countries that claimed Oregon Country Adams-Onis Treaty Joint occupation Marcus & Narcissa Whitman Mountain men Why Florida was allowed to become a state Why Americans moved to Texas The Alamo Battle of San Jacinto Why some people did not want Florida or Texas to become states