1. MANIFEST DESTINY

2. Definition Manifest Destiny means “obvious fate”
1845 John O’sullivan stated it was America’s “manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent”
He said “the God of nature and nations has marked it for our own.”

3. FLORIDA CESSION 1819

4. Spain controlled Florida
Seminole Indians from Florida would raid across border into US attacking settlements
Andrew Jackson sent American troops into Florida to stop attacks
President Madison warned Spain to stop the Indians from raiding or giving the land to the US
Spain did not have the troops to do this
Fearing US would take the land, Spain sold it to the US for $5 million

5. TRAIL OF TEARS

6. Background
By 1820 only 125,000 Indians (creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole) lived east of Mississippi
These tribes owned rich land that southerners wanted for cotton growing
1830 congress passed the Indian removal act-all Indians had to move west of Mississippi

7. Trail of Tears
Between tribes were forced to march to lands west of Mississippi
Little food or shelter
Many only allowed to take the clothes they wore
About ¼ of Indians died during the march

8. Alamo/ Texas Independence

9. Background In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain
Mexican government invited Americans to live in Texas ( part of Mexico (. Thought they would help develop land, help control Indians
Stephen Austin’s group granted 640 acres of land each if they agreed to become Mexican citizens, obey Mexican laws, worship in the Catholic Church
By 1830, 20,000 Americans in Texas—good land for growing cotton

10. Background Continued
More settlers come but do not obey the rules set down by Mexican government
Mexican government says no more Americans allowed—worried they would want to become part of US
Mexicans try to enforce rules—Americans get mad and the two begin fighting

11. Alamo At san Antonio, Texas 1836
188 Texans take cover in a mission, the Alamo
Fought for 12 days against Santa Anna's forces but were all killed
Defeat inspired other American troops to find Santa Anna's army battle at san Jacinto river Mexicans defeated
Texas granted its independence

12. Texas Annexation 1845

13. Texas Annexation Annex means to add on to
Texas has been an independent nation, The Lone Star Republic, for 10 years.
Some wanted it to become part of US, others didn’t
In 1845, Congress agreed to the annexation

14. Oregon Territory 1846

15. Oregon Claimed by England, Spain, Russia and US
1818 Spain and Russia gave up their claims because they had few settlers there
In 1844 when Polk ran for President he ran on the slogan 54 40’ or fight (northern latitude of the territory).
Neither Britain or the US wanted war so they compromised on the territory. The US boundary would be everything below 49.
This later became the states of Oregon (1859), Washington (1889) Idaho (1890)

16. Mexican War

17. Background
There was also a border depute over where the southern border of Texas separated it from Mexico
The US also wanted to buy part of California and new Mexico as part of idea of manifest destiny, Mexico wouldn’t sell.

18. Mexican War
1846 president Polk sends troops into disputed area/fighting breaks out/Polk asks congress to declare war
By 1847 US controls California, new Mexico and wins Mexico city.
1848 Mexico signs treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo.
Mexico gave up claims to all of California and the new Mexico territory. This is called the Mexican cession. We paid Mexico $15 million

19. Gadsden Purchase 1853

20. Gadsden Purchase
In 1853, US paid Mexico $10 million for a strip of land that is now apart of Arizona and New Mexico
This finished the contiguous United States