Dr. Marie Lasseter Office of Faculty Development Department of Faculty Affairs University System of Georgia

 What are Open Educational Resources (OERs)?  Creative Commons Licensing  Where to Find OER  Open Textbooks  What, Why  Finding and using Open Textbooks  Authoring – Developing Open Textbooks

 I have a concept that students frequently struggle with, and I need a different way to demonstrate it.  I need to convert a course for online delivery. I don’t know how to write html or create Flash files. Where do I start?  I need an assignment for a new topic area that I’m including in a course.  What are my options for using content that already exist to create a new instructional module?

 What available resources assist educators in locating and identifying existing digital content? ◦ Google ◦ Libraries ◦ Commercial publishers ◦ Learning Object Repositories (LORs)  Merlot, NROC, USG SHARE, etc.  OER Websites

Open Educational Resources - OER  Instructional resources that are freely available for use, reuse, remixing, adapting, and sharing.  Textbooks  Courses  Course materials  Lessons  Quizzes  Syllabi  Instructional modules Simulations  Lecture videos, etc.

 Copyright - the set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work  All Rights Reserved  Must ask permission to reuse  Fair Use Exception Fair Use Exception ◦ Limited use without requiring permission

 Some Rights Reserved  Certain permissions granted  Authors/Creators: ◦ keep copyright ◦ decide terms of use ◦ tag creative works with a set of permissions  Users easily know how they may use the works

 Open licenses provide permission to: ◦ Reuse – Make and reuse exact copies ◦ Redistribute – Share copies with others  Some open licenses may also allow permission to: ◦ Revise – Change, adapt, and alter the resource ◦ Remix – Combine the OER with other materials to produce a new work

 Video – Wanna Work Together? ◦ eos/wanna-work-together eos/wanna-work-together

 By- Attribution  SA – Share Alike  ND – No Derivatives  NC – Noncommercial

 Conditions combine to create 6 types of CC licenses  From least to most restrictive:  Attribution (by)  Attribution Share Alike (by-sa)  Attribution No Derivatives (by-nd)  Attribution Non-commercial (by-nc)  Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (by-nc-sa)  Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc- nd)

This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. Use for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

 OER Handbook for Educators - Find ◦  Search by Creative Commons ◦  Wiki Educator ◦  Khan Academy ◦  OER Commons ◦  Wikimedia Commons ◦  USG SHARE ◦  MIT OpenCourseware ◦  Merlot ◦

 The College Board estimated the annual cost of textbooks and supplies for ( ) to range from $1,133 for 2-year colleges to $1,137 for 4-year colleges

 Costs may affect retention rates ◦ 45% of students at 4-year schools work 20 hours per week ◦ 6 in 10 at 2-year schools work 20 hours week ◦ 23% of college students have dependent children ◦ Textbook costs not primary factor for drop out rates among working students but ◦ Majority surveyed said costs of textbooks affected them  Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation  Johnson, J., & Rochkind, J. (with Ott, A. N., & DuPont, S.). (2009). With their whole lives ahead of them: Myths and realities about why so many students fail to finish college.

 GAO Report Findings  Two Major Factors ◦ Bundling ◦ Revision Cycles  Federal and State initiatives ◦ HEOA Textbook Provision ◦ Textbook Bill

 Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA)- Textbook Information Provision went into effect July 1, 2010  Price Disclosure ◦ Publishers must provide prices to faculty  Unbundling ◦ Publishers must offer all parts for sale separatel y  Book Lists ◦ Colleges must list assigned texts in course catalo g

 Bill introduced on 9/24/09 by Senator Richard Durbin (Illinois) to authorize grants for the creation, update, or adaption of open textbooks, and for other purposes.  May be considered in Congress this year

 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration  Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants Program  $2B over 4 years  DOL grants – in coordination with DOE  Focus on trade-impacted workers  Create curriculum and programs – leading to industry approved certificates and degrees ◦ In-demand / high growth jobs

 Buying and selling used books ◦ New options for online services make it easier and more profitable  Rental programs ◦ 61 percent less on average than new print version ◦ Saves on front end – no resale value  E-Textbooks ◦ 52 percent less on average than new print version  Open textbooks ◦ 80 percent less on average than new print version Allen, N. (2010). A Cover to Cover Solution: How open textbooks are the path to textbook affordability. Retrieved October 1, 2010, from cover-to-cover-solutionhttp:// cover-to-cover-solution

 E-textbooks ◦ NOT same as Open Textbook ◦ Digital versions of textbooks ◦ Digital access

 Print limitations due to copyright concerns  Publishers typically offer e-textbooks as rentals only - with access to the books for one or two semesters  Cannot be sold back to help recoup cost  No standard universal format  About 75 percent of students prefer a print option

An open textbook is an openly- licensed textbook offered online by its author(s). The open license sets open textbooks apart from traditional textbooks by allowing users to read online, download, or print the book at no cost. --- Wikipedia

 Could reduce the average amount students spend on textbooks by 80% a year  Freely accessible online  Freely downloadable for reading on personal computers, e-readers, or other mobile devices  No printing limits  Exceptions ◦ Example - Flat World Knowledge

 Print versions usually available for low cost  Revisions/updates to the text are easily accessible online  Instructors can adapt, remix, or customize existing open textbooks to maximize instructional content to meet their own learning objectives

Open Textbook Example  Downloadable & online versions: ◦ FREE  Printed bound version: ◦ $31.95  CC Attribution License  Instructors can customize by editing, deleting, adding modules  Easily updated Similar traditional textbook: E-textbook version $46.40 Printed bound version: $ new

Note: Savings represented for 40 students assumes two sections of the course with 20 students per section.

 To use open textbooks in your courses you need to:  Find the right textbook  Review and evaluate it  Decide if you want to edit or update it  Distribute it to your students

 David Wiley ◦ Education without limits: Why open textbooks are the way forward Education without limits: Why open textbooks are the way forward

◦ Connexions  ◦ Flat World Knowledge  ◦ Global Text Project  ◦ CK 12 Flexbooks  ◦ College Open Textbooks  ◦ California State University System “Affordable Learning Solutions”  ◦ OER Commons  ◦ Orange Grove  ◦ USG SHARE 

 Options for adapting/editing existing content  Examples: Connexions, CK12, Flat World Knowledge have platforms for editing  Rearrange chapters and sections ◦ Usually by dragging and dropping them into place  Delete/omit entire sections or chapters  Add content or  Insert annotations  Get ISBN for ordering  Make available to students

 Develop new or remix existing work  Develop content in modular format  May find content in other disciplines  Check copyrights  Evaluate license requirements  Use Creative Commons to license your works  Peer review/evaluation/copy editing/design  Decide how to distribute ◦ Submit to open repository or open publisher for wider access

 Mark Winey and Ken Krauter ◦ Open Textbooks Open Textbooks

 Increase Exposure ◦ Example: Lawrence Lessig – Free Culture ◦ Downloaded several hundred thousand times ◦ Translated into 7 languages, 16 different file formats ◦ Freely available ◦ Increased sales of hard copy book ◦ Hilton study found 13 out of 17 books that were given away for free saws print sales increase.  Improve Quality of Instructional Resources ◦ They can get better over time  It’s a Good Thing To Do ◦ Helps people around the world gain access to quality educational materials  Hilton and Wiley (2010)  bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/IR&CISOPTR=759&filename=760.pdf#search=%22hilton,%20j ohn%22

It’s what we do as educators “He who receives ideas from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights is taper at mine receives light without darkening me.”  Thomas Jefferson

Marie Lasseter Office of Faculty Development USG Department of Faculty Affairs